Hydrochars are solid byproducts formed during the liquid-phase biorefinery process and could be used to generate functional carbonaceous materials, but detailed molecular structure formation mechanism still unclear. Herein, of hydrochars from carbonization biomass-derived compounds including glucose, fructose, xylose, ribose, dihydroxyacetone (DHA), 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), furfural (FF), pyruvaldehyde (PRV) in water inert polar organic solvents ethyl acetate (EAC) tetrahydrofuran...

Synergetic effect and electronic transfer were investigated for the hydrogenation of HMF to DMF on Ru–MoO_x/C catalyst.

Ethanol is an important bulk chemical with diverse applications. Biomass-derived ethanol traditionally produced by fermentation. Direct cellulose conversion to chemocatalysis particularly promising but remains a great challenge. Herein, one-pot hydrogenolysis of into was developed using graphene-layers-encapsulated nickel (Ni@C) catalysts the aid H3 PO4 in water. The hydrolyzed glucose, which activated forming cyclic di-ester bonds between OH groups and promoting formation under synergistic...

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) possess numerous merits that position them as a promising class of electrode materials for energy storage. However, traditional two-dimensional (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) COFs exhibit inherent limitations. In this work, two donor-acceptor (D-A) type one-dimensional (1D) with bipolar redox-active behavior are synthesized. By leveraging molecular engineering to regulate the gap 1D COFs, enhanced electronic conductivity is achieved. To further improve...

Sulfonated graphene (SG) was prepared and employed to convert corn stalk xylose into furfural. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) were used characterize SG. The effects of reaction time, temperature, substrate loading, catalyst dosage solvents on the researched optimized. SG exhibited high catalytic activity in conversion A fairly furfural yield 96% achieved at 150 °C from a 71.9% obtained when...

As a shining pearl in traditional Tibetan culture, historical documents have received extensive attention from historians, linguists and Buddhist scholars. These are converted into digital form using document segmentation recognition methods. The digitization is of great significance for the research, protection inheritance history. This paper proposes an overall framework images. Firstly, image preprocessed to correct imbalanced illumination, tilt noises, further transformed binarized...

ZrP with large surface, mesoporous volume, and size was prepared. Its catalytic performance evaluated in hydrolytic hydrogenation of cellulose to sorbitol/mannitol combined commercial Ru/C. A significantly enhanced yield obtained as compared that the water-soluble acidic phosphates buffer solution potassium acid phthalate same The attributed Lewis Brönsted on surface improving surface's absorption activation for accelerating rate-determined hydrolysis step. maximal 63% 81% could be by using...

This paper proposes a new radical-based approach for online handwritten chinese character recognition. The is novel in three respects: statistical classification of radicals, over-segmentation characters into candidate and lexicon-driven recognition characters. Currently, we have applied the to Chinese left-right structure are extending other structures. Preliminary results on sample set 4,284 consisting 1,118 radicals demonstrate superiority proposed approach.

The upgrading of lignin to value-added chemicals and liquid fuels is highly necessary in reducing fossil fuel consumption CO2 emissions. Cycloalkanes including single multi-carbocyclic structure are significant components...

A handwritten Tibetan database, MRG-OHTC, is presented to facilitate the research of online character recognition. The database contains 910 classes written by 130 persons from ethnic minority. These characters are selected basic set and extension coded set. current version this collected using electronic pen on digital tablet. We investigate some characteristic writing style different writers. evaluate MRG-OHTC existing algorithms as a baseline. Experimental results reveal big challenge...

Dimethyl ether carbonylation to methyl acetate was comparatively investigated over mordenite supported copper (Cu/HMOR) catalysts prepared by different methods including evaporation, urea hydrolysis, incipient wetness impregnation and ion-exchange. The results showed that Cu/HMOR via iron-exchange method exhibited the highest catalytic activity due synergistic effect of active-site metal acidic molecular sieve support. Conversion 95.3% selectivity 94.9% were achieved under conditions 210 °C,...

This paper presents a Tibetan component representation learning method for component-based online handwritten character recognition. In conventional methods, we designed features manually components. The hand-crafted are often incomplete and decrease the recognition accuracy, which influences performance. To overcome deficiency, use three layer deep belief networks to learn automatically Restricted Boltzmann machine is used construct each hidden layer. weight parameters of optimized by...

A new online handwritten Mongolian word database, MRG-OHMW, is introduced in this paper. This database contains 946 words produced by 300 persons from ethnic minority. These are composed of one to fourteen characters, and selected large-scale text corpus according the frequencies usage. The current version collected using Anoto pen on further annotated word-level string alignment strategy. We partition samples into training test sets, evaluate CNN-based recognizer as a baseline. Experimental...

This paper presents a radical-based on-line handwritten Chinese character recognition method, which integrates appearance-based radical and geometric context into principled framework using character-radical dictionary to guide segmentation during path search. To solve the connection between radicals, we detect corner points extract sub-strokes. Based on hierarchical structure, pattern is over-segmented by three-layer nested pre-segmentation. For recognition, use two representation schemes...

The catalytic hydrogenation of organic substrates containing plenty unsaturated functional groups is an important step in the industrial preparation fine chemicals and has always been a hot spot basic catalysis research.

This paper presents a new component-based recognition method using conditional random field (CRF) for on-line handwritten Tibetan characters. The character pattern is over-segmented into sequence of sub-structure blocks. Integrated segmentation and based on the CRF model used to determine component points from these block sequences. combines shape likelihood with geometrical likelihood. parameters are learned an energy minimization method. We build spelling rule ensure correct appearing at...

Considering the characteristic of Mongolian words where all letters one word are conglutinated together, segmentation-free strategy is more suitable for recognition. This paper presents a novel recognition method based on MWRCNN and position maps online handwritten word. Firstly, incorporation aspect ratio used to construct data transformation layer enrich shape information. Secondly, two feature combination methods proposed improve accuracy. Thirdly, by adopting multiple classification...

Abstract Carbon dioxide was one of the main green‐house gas, using CO 2 as a C1 source to produce functional chemicals can relieve environmental issues. With development N‐formylation reaction amines under atmosphere, promising route for synthesis diacylhydrazines is hydrazide with in presence reducing agent. Triethylamine (TEA) an organic base commonly used synthesis, which has low boiling point easily separated from system by decompression distillation. We herein describe TEA‐ catalyzed...

Syllable-based input is more preferable than character-based for Tibetan people due to the inherent characteristics of characters. This paper presents a component segmentation-based recognition method online handwritten syllables. The syllable over-segmented into sequence sub-structure blocks (stroke blocks) with two-layer segmentation point annotation using horizontal-vertical over-segmentation method. Segmentation hypotheses based on block sequences are evaluated by fusing multiple...

One of important steps in hybrid statistical-structural recognition method for handwritten characters is to label primitives classifier training and structural position information recognition. In this paper, we propose a semi-automatic component (primitive) annotation online Tibetan character database. All samples each class are over-segmented into sub-structure block sequences. We select correct segmentation points from one segmented get templates class. Other the same with sequences...