We report the development and validation of a questionnaire measure revised reinforcement sensitivity theory (rRST) personality.Starting with qualitative responses to defensive approach scenarios modelled on typical rodent ethoexperimental situations, exploratory confirmatory factor analyses revealed robust six-factor structure: two unitary factors, fight-flight-freeze system (FFFS, related fear) behavioral inhibition (BIS, anxiety); four (BAS) factors (Reward Interest, Goal-Drive...

Abstract Personality is strongly influenced by motivation systems that organise responses to rewards and punishments drive approach avoidance behavior. Neuropsychological research has identified: (a) two systems, one related pure active escape, passive behavioral inhibition produced goal‐conflict; (b) the actions of reward seeking experience behavior pleasure on receiving reward. These mediate fluid moment‐by‐moment reactions changing stimuli, with relatively stable person‐specific...

Approach–avoidance theories describe the major systems that motivate behaviours in reaction to classes of appetitive (rewarding) and aversive (punishing) stimuli. The literature points two “avoidance” systems, one related pure avoidance escape stimuli, a second, behavioural inhibition induced by detection goal conflict (in addition, there is evidence for nonaffective constraint). A third system, responsible approach behaviour, reactive has several subcomponents. number combined effects these...

The Gray and McNaughton (2000) theory draws on a wide range of animal data to hypothesize that the emotions fear anxiety are separable. authors tested their hypothesis in two studies. first study examined associations between scores questionnaire measures fear, anxiety, neuroticism; correlational analysis revealed not interchangeable constructs. second fear/anxiety performance military training setting; regression captured significant variance was shared with anxiety. These results imply...

'Every work of art is an uncommitted crime' Adorno (1951). Cited in Julius (2002). Given the putative relationship between creativity and schizotypy/psychoticism, current study set out to investigate differences scores on a range personality measures visual artists non-artists. Results found that group scored higher positive-schizotypy, disorganized-schizotypy, asocial-schizotypy, neuroticism, openness divergent thinking (uniqueness) than did non-artist lower agreeableness. These findings...

Objectives Public behaviour change is necessary to contain the spread of coronavirus (COVID‐19). Based on reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST) framework, this study presents an examination individual differences in some relevant psychological factors. Design Cross‐sectional psychometric. Methods UK respondents ( N = 202) completed a personality questionnaire (RST‐PQ), measures illness attitudes, concerns about impact health services and socio‐economic infrastructures, personal safety,...

Anxiety and fear are often confounded in discussions of human emotions. However, studies rodent defensive reactions under naturalistic conditions suggest anxiety is functionally distinct from fear. Unambiguous threats, such as predators, elicit flight rodents (if an escape-route available), whereas ambiguous threats (e.g., the odor a predator) risk assessment behavior, which associated with it preferentially modulated by anti-anxiety drugs. without evidence, would be premature to assume that...