SEAWAT-2000 is the latest release of SEAWAT computer program for simulation three-dimensional, variable-density, transient ground-water flow in porous media. was designed by combining a modified version MODFLOW-2000 and MT3DMS into single program. The code developed using concept process, which defined as ?part that solves fundamental equation specified numerical method.? contains all processes distributed with also includes Variable-Density Flow Process (as an alternative to...

This report documents the Conduit Flow Process (CFP) for modular finite-difference ground-water flow model, MODFLOW-2005. The CFP has ability to simulate turbulent conditions by: (1) coupling traditional equation with formulations a discrete network of cylindrical pipes (Mode 1), (2) inserting high-conductivity layer that can switch between laminar and 2), or (3) simultaneously pipe while 3). 1) may represent dissolution biological burrowing features in carbonate aquifers, voids fractured...

Well‐developed karst aquifers consist of highly conductive conduits and a relatively low permeability fractured and/or porous rock matrix therefore behave as dual‐hydraulic system. Groundwater flow within permeable strata is rapid transient depends on local conditions, i.e., pressurized or nonpressurized flow. The characterization necessary challenging task because information about hydraulic spatial conduit properties poorly defined unknown. To investigate aquifers, stresses such large...

Karst aquifers exhibit highly conductive features caused from rock dissolution processes. Flow within these structures can become turbulent and therefore be expressed by nonlinear gradient functions. One way to account for effects is coupling a continuum model with conduit network. Alternatively, flow considered adapting the hydraulic conductivity model. Consequently, significance of on dynamic behavior karst springs investigated an enhanced single‐continuum that results in conduit‐type...

Abstract. Karst aquifers are characterized by highly conductive conduit flow paths embedded in a less fissured and fractured matrix, resulting strong permeability contrasts with structured heterogeneity anisotropy. Groundwater storage occurs predominantly the matrix. Hence, most mathematical karst models assume quasi-steady-state conduits neglecting conduit-associated drainable (CADS). The concept of CADS considers volumes, where water is not part active system but hydraulically connected to...

A conduit flow process (CFP) for the Modular Finite Difference Ground‐Water Flow model, MODFLOW‐2005, has been created by U.S. Geological Survey. An application of CFP on a carbonate aquifer in southern Florida is described; this examines (1) potential turbulent groundwater and (2) effects hydraulic heads parameter sensitivities. Turbulent components were spatially extensive preferential layers, with horizontal conductivities about 5,000,000 m d −1 , mean void diameters equal to 3.5 cm,...

Sensitivity analysis with a density-dependent ground water flow simulator can provide insight and understanding of salt intrusion calibration problems far beyond what is possible through intuitive alone. Five simple experimental simulations presented here demonstrate this point. Results show that dispersivity very important parameter for reproducing steady-state distribution hydraulic head, salinity, in the transition zone between fresh coastal aquifer system. When estimating dispersivity,...

Evapotranspiration (ET) was quantified over plant communities within the Big Cypress National Preserve (BCNP) using eddy covariance method for a period of 3 years from October 2007 to September 2010. Plant selected study included Pine Upland, Wet Prairie, Marsh, Swamp, and Dwarf Cypress. These are spatially extensive in southern Florida, thus, ET measurements described herein can be applied other humid subtropical locations such as Everglades. The 3-year mean annual about 1,000, 1,050,...

Abstract. Carbon dioxide exchange between the atmosphere and forested subtropical wetlands is largely unknown. Here we report a first step in characterizing this atmospheric–ecosystem carbon (C) exchange, for cypress strands pine forests Greater Everglades of Florida as measured with eddy covariance methods at three locations (Cypress Swamp, Dwarf Cypress Pine Upland) 2 years. Links water C cycles are also examined these sites, methane emission only site. Each wetland showed net uptake from...

Changes in heat energy stored within a column of wetland surface water can be considerable component the budget, an attribute that is demonstrated by comparing changes to net radiation at seven sites areas southern Florida, including Everglades. The magnitude approached more often during winter dry season than summer wet season. Furthermore, generally decreased as budgets were upscaled temporally. A new method was developed estimate overcomes important data limitation, namely, limited...

Abstract A sample of Key Largo Limestone from southern Florida exhibited turbulent flow behavior along three orthogonal axes as reported in recently published permeameter experiments. The limestone was a cube measuring 0.2 m on edge. nonlinear relation between hydraulic gradient and discharge simulated using the approximation applied Conduit Flow Process (CFP) for MODFLOW-2005 mode 2, CFPM2. good agreement experimental data results verifies utility approach used to simulate effects head...

As a result of rock dissolution processes, karst aquifers exhibit highly conductive features such as caves and conduits. Within these structures, groundwater flow can become turbulent therefore be described by nonlinear gradient functions. Some numerical models explicitly account for pipe hydraulics coupling the continuum model with network that represents conduit system. In contrast, Conduit Flow Process Mode 2 (CFPM2) MODFLOW‐2005 approximates reducing hydraulic conductivity within...

This paper reviews and summarizes the continued development of satellite-based estimates insolation (incoming solar radiation), reference evapotranspiration (RET), potential (PET), computed for State Florida at 2-km resolution period from June 1, 1995, to December 31, 2015, which spans over 20 years. Insolation is a primary driver in Florida. maps generated Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) imagery were used compute PET RET, calibrated ground-based pyranometers....

Eddy covariance (EC) and micro-meteorological data were collected from May 2010 to January 2013 urban, non-irrigated bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) in subtropical south Florida. The objectives determine monthly crop coefficients (Kc) for by using EC evapotranspiration (ET) the Food Agriculture Organization 56 Penman–Monteith reference equation; compare ET (ETc) calculated with new Kc values ETc obtained available literature; results methodologies statistical differences. New ranged 0.62 0.92...

Areas contributing recharge to springs are defined in this report as the land-surface area wherein water entering ground-water system at table eventually discharges a spring. These areas were delineated for Blue Spring, Silver Springs, Alexander and Glen Springs north-central Florida using four regional flow models particle tracking. As expected, different predicted recharge. In general, differences due hydrologic stresses, subsurface permeability properties, boundary conditions that used...

Abstract. Carbon dioxide exchange between the atmosphere and forested subtropical wetlands is largely unknown. Here we report a first step in characterizing this atmospheric–ecosystem carbon (C) exchange, for cypress strands pine forests Greater Everglades of Florida as measured with eddy covariance methods at three locations (Cypress Swamp, Dwarf Cypress Pine Upland) one year. Links water C cycles are examined these sites, methane emission only site. Each wetland showed net uptake (retained...

Abstract. Karst aquifers are characterized by highly conductive conduit flow paths embedded in a less fissured and fractured matrix resulting strong permeability contrasts with structured heterogeneity anisotropy. Groundwater storage occurs predominantly the matrix. Hence, most karst models assume quasi steady-state conduits neglecting associated drainable (CADS). The concept of CADS considers volumes, where water is not part active system but rather hydraulically connected to (for example...

First posted May 14, 2024 For additional information, contact: Director, Caribbean-Florida Water Science CenterU.S. Geological Survey4446 Pet Lane, Suite 108Lutz, FL 33559Contact Pubs Warehouse In 2012, a platform at the approximate center of Lake Okeechobee in central Florida was instrumented to continuously measure evaporation with Bowen-ratio energy-budget method as part long-term partnership between South Management District and U.S. Survey. The primary goal for study quantify daily...