Abstract. Sea level in the Singapore Strait (SS) exhibits response to various scale phenomena, from local global. Longest tide gauge records SS are analysed derive sea trend and annual, inter-annual multi-decadal variability, which then attributed regional global phenomena. Annual data gaps reconstructed using functions correlating variability with ENSO. At annual scale, anomalies (quasi-periodic) monsoon-driven, of order ±20 cm, highest during northeast monsoon lowest southwest...

Abstract. Sea level rise due to climate change is non-uniform globally, necessitating regional estimates. Peninsular Malaysia located in the middle of Southeast Asia, bounded from west by Malacca Strait, east South China (SCS), and south Singapore Strait. The sea along peninsula may be influenced various phenomena native adjacent parts Indian Pacific oceans. To examine variability trend around peninsula, tide gauge records satellite altimetry are analyzed taking into account vertical land...

Being an indispensable part of future autonomous transportation systems, vehicles (AVs) are expected to drive safely with minimal human inputs. In addition safety, their acceptance by the society highly depends on level understanding, trustworthiness and transparency in decisions. It remains open problem judge whether decision is correct or not, how verify it systematically. this paper, a Sequential MetAmoRphic Testing (SMART) framework proposed based highly-successful metamorphic testing...

Safety is one of the main challenges that prohibit autonomous vehicles (AV), requiring them to be well tested ahead being allowed on road. In comparison with road tests, simulators allow us validate AV conveniently and affordably. However, it remains unclear how best use AV-based simulator system for testing effectively. Our paper presents an empirical combines SVL Apollo platform. We propose 576 test cases which are inspired by four naturalistic driving situations pedestrians surrounding...

Abstract Being a small low-lying island nation, Singapore has high density population, recreational and industrial facilities along the coast. It is thus highly vulnerable to weather extremes including storm surges. Strong sea level surges due northeast monsoon when coinciding with spring tides may lead coastal floods in southwest regions of South China Sea Strait, heights about 0.3-0.5 m observed from tidal records satellite altimetry. We developed an operational system codenamed “Stormy”...

Abstract. Peninsular Malaysia is bounded from the west by Malacca Strait and Andaman Sea both connected to Indian Ocean, east South China being largest marginal sea in Pacific Basin. Resulting level along coast assumed be governed various regional phenomena associated with adjacent parts of Oceans. At annual scale, anomalies (SLAs) are generated Asian monsoon; interannual variability determined El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Ocean Dipole (IOD); while long-term trend related global...

Having great impacts on human lives, global warming and associated sea level rise are believed to be strongly linked anthropogenic causes. Statistical approach offers a simple yet conceptually verifiable combination of remotely connected climate variables indices, including surface temperature. We propose an improved statistical reconstruction model based the empirical dynamic control system by taking into account variability deriving parameters from Monte Carlo cross-validation random...

Autonomous vehicles (AV), at their highest potentials, will provide a greater mobility, an increased traffic efficiency and, more importantly, safer trips for millions of people every day. While assuring safety and reliability is, thus, great importance, it is also huge challenge. Metamorphic testing (MT) has been shown to be one the most successful techniques validate automated driving systems (ADS) underpinning AV. Having said that, there are still lots rooms further improving ADS with MT....

Satellite remote sensing has provided an unprecedented opportunity to understand the spatio-temporal change of Earth's climate system. In this study, we take advantage oceanographic satellite-based data examine global mean sea level rise, with a focus on transitional episode (1994–2003) referred as onset recent warming hiatus. We remove signals accounted for El Niño-Southern Oscillation, Pacific Decadal and solar radiation using Empirical Orthogonal Function multivariate regression analysis....

Advancing ocean science has a significant impact to the development of world, from operating safe navigation for vessels maintaining healthy and diverse ecosystem. Various software systems have been extensively adopted different purposes, instance, predicting hourly sea level elevation across shorelines, simulating large-scale circulations, as well integrating into Earth system models weather forecasts climate projections. Regardless their significance, guaranteeing trustworthiness modelling...

Automated driving systems (ADS) are expected to be reliable and robust against a wide range of scenarios. Their decisions, first foremost, must well understood. Understanding decision made by ADS is great challenge, because it not straightforward tell whether the correct or not, how verify systematically. In this paper, Sequential MetAmoRphic Testing Smart framework proposed based on metamorphic testing, mainstream software testing approach. groups constructed selecting multiple inputs...

Connected and automated vehicles (CAV) are expected to deliver a much safer, more efficient, eco-friendlier mobility. Being an indispensable component of the future transportation, their key driving features CAVs include not only functionality but also cooperative capability. Despite themselves emerging active research areas, there is lack comprehensive literature review on digital infrastructure that enables them. In this paper, we requirements benefits infrastructures for including vehicle...

Guaranteeing the safe operations of autonomous vehicles (AVs) is crucial for their widespread adoption and public acceptance. It thus a great significance to not only assess AV against standard safety tests, but also discover potential corner cases under test that could lead unsafe behaviour or scenario. In this paper, we propose novel framework systematically explore can result in concerns highway traffic The based on an adaptive stress testing (AST) approach, emerging validation method...

Sea level in the Southeast Asia (SEA) seas is driven by various phenomena at global,  regional and local scales. The latest tide gauge satellite data revealed its most recent spatial temporal patterns. trend of global sea rise Singapore region hindered dominant variability El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Pacific Decadal (PDO), Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), as well associated modulation Asian Monsoon. It was confirmed that positive sea-level anomalies southern western...

Distributed computing, in which a resource-intensive task is divided into subtasks and distributed among different machines, plays key role solving large-scale problems. Coded computing recently emerging paradigm where redundancy for introduced to alleviate the impact of slow machines (stragglers) on completion time. We investigate coded solutions over elastic resources, set available may change middle computation. This motivated by services cloud industry (e.g., EC2 Spot, Azure Batch)...

ContextWhile ChatGPT is a well-known artificial intelligence chatbot being used to answer human's questions, one may want discover its potential in advancing software testing.ObjectivesWe examine the capability of testing by case study on metamorphic (MT), state-of-the-art technique.MethodsWe ask generate candidates relations (MRs), which are basically necessary properties object program traditionally requires human identify. These MR then evaluated terms correctness domain experts.ResultsWe...

While ChatGPT is a well-known artificial intelligence chatbot being used to answer human's questions, one may want discover its potential in advancing software testing. We examine the capability of testing through case study on metamorphic (MT), state-of-the-art technique. ask generate candidates relations (MRs), which are basically necessary properties object program and traditionally require human identify. These MR then evaluated terms correctness by domain experts. show that can be new...