Among the urban aquatic pollutants, most common is sediment which also acts as a transport medium for many contaminants. Hence there an increasing interest in being able to better predict wash–off from surfaces. The exponential wash-off model widely used method wash-off. Although number of studies proposed various modifications original equation, these mostly looked into one parameter isolation thereby ignoring interactions between parameters corresponding rainfall, catchment and...

Surcharging urban drainage systems are a potential source of pathogenic contamination floodwater. While number previous studies have investigated net sewer to surface hydraulic flow rates through manholes and gullies during flood events, an understanding how pollutants move from networks water is currently lacking. This paper presents 3D CFD model quantify solute mass exchange structures featuring complex interacting pipe flows commonly associated with events. The compared against...

Abstract Flows in manholes are complex and may include swirling recirculation flow with significant turbulence vorticity. However, how these 3D patterns could generate different energy losses so affect quantity the wider sewer network is unknown. In this work, 2D3C stereo Particle Image Velocimetry measurements made a surcharged scaled circular manhole. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model OpenFOAM® four Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) constructed using volume of model, to...

Turbulent water jets remain a critical study area, particularly the relation of flow with air entrainment and its role in energy dissipation at different hydraulic structures. Plunge pools, formed by impact on cushions, play pivotal dissipation. Understanding complex dynamics within these pools is essential for designing efficient In this research, we present comprehensive investigation numerical simulations, defining two-phase (air-water) ways, them compare experimental measurements. The...

Head loss coefficient of a manhole is dependent on various hydraulic and structural characteristics. This study analyses the effect head coefficients using numerical VOF model due to three factors: mold shapes, small changes in inlet orientations pipe ratios. showed strong dependence available surcharge. Presence sump created maximum while benching provided best efficiency. Within deviation orientations, two different regimes were observed indicating effects both threshold surcharge heights....

Urban drainage networks contain a large number of structures. The manhole is the most common and important as it connects pieces sewer pipes to form networks. Understanding hydraulics manholepipe system this may sometimes become bottlenecks systems. In study, flow structure specific manhole-pipe was analysed numerically in view further research investigate sediment suspended solid transport system. numerical model compared with discharge water pressure/depth data from an experimental model....

Abstract Real-time flood forecasting can help authorities in providing reliable warnings to the public. Ensemble prediction systems (EPS) have been progressively used for operational by European hydrometeorological agencies recent years. This process, however, is non-deterministic such that uncertainty sources need be considered before issuing forecasts. In this study, a new methodology named Discharge Interval method proposed. uses at least one historical event hindcast data, run several...

Abstract Operational forecast models require robust, computationally efficient, and reliable algorithms. We desire accurate forecasts within the limits of uncertainties in channel geometry roughness because output from these algorithms leads to flood warnings a variety water management decisions. The current operational Water Model uses Muskingum‐Cunge method, which does not account for key hydraulic conditions such as flow hysteresis backwater effects, limiting its ability situations with...

Real time flood forecasting can help authorities in providing reliable warnings to the public. This process is, however, non-deterministic such that uncertainty sources need be accounted before issuing forecasts. In FloodEvac project, we have developed a tool which takes as inputs rainfall forecasts and links hydrological with hydraulic model for producing The is able handle calibration/validation of (LARSIM) produces real-time forecast associated discharges extents. this case study, focus...

Manhole is a very common and important element in an urban drainage system. The complex flow pattern manhole may include the effects of retardation, acceleration rotation, creating energy losses network. Different types are seen various countries due to different design criteria. Three were modelled this study analyze hydraulic properties them. Type C has guided channel at bottom, while A B do not. also seal underneath inflow-outflow pipe; but B, invert level inflow pipe same floor. Analysis...