Les auteurs ont etudie la transformation d'un vaste paysage forestier de 135 000 ha Suede boreale, fin du 19 e a 20 siecle. Des documents historiques ete utilises pour obtenir des donnees quantitatives sur l'influence feu, l'historique coupes, le developpement l'amenagement et les changements ecologiques au cours dernier traces foret preindustrielle, regeneree par sont encore visibles dans d'aujourd'hui, bien que tres importantes structures ecologiques, exemple vieux arbres peuplements...

Today, most ecosystems show some degree of human modification, ranging from subtle influences to complete remodeling and reshaping into anthropogenic ecosystems. In the first issue journal Ecosystems, field historical ecology, which focuses on development ecosystems, was prominently positioned with papers Foster others (Ecosystems 1:96–119, 1998) Fuller 1:76–95, 1998). Starting these two contributions, we (1) discuss how activities affect their development, (2) outline land use can be...

Retention forestry (RF) is a modified form of clear-cutting that has been introduced recently in several countries. It intended to integrate the conservation biodiversity with timber production and maintain provision other ecosystem services by retaining important forest qualities, habitats structures. In this study we seek identify forces driving conceptual development, acceptance implementation RF Sweden describing investigating debate among foresters environmental NGOs from 1968 2003....

Human activities that involve land‐use change often cause major transformations to community and ecosystem properties both aboveground belowground, when land use is abandoned, these modifications can persist for extended periods. However, the mechanisms responsible rapid recovery vs. long‐term maintenance of changes following abandonment remain poorly understood. Here, we examined ecological effects two remote former settlements, regularly visited ∼300 years by reindeer‐herding Sami...

Abstract The development of the export-oriented forest industry played an essential role in industrialisation Sweden at end nineteenth century. A very important factor was available watercourses: these could be used to transport timber from inland forests sawmills on coast. aim this study is analyse transformation one river boreal Sweden, Vindelalven, during 1820-1945, caused by introduction large scale floating timber. most prominent feature exploitation a landscape without any industrial...

During the last two centuries, fire suppression has critically modified boreal ecosystems in northern Scandinavia and undoubtedly affected indigenous Sami land use. We inventoried toponyms referring to a municipality located Swedish Sápmi, investigated their past present meanings by analyzing dictionaries conducting semi-structured interviews with reindeer herders. use based on word 'roavve' - lichen-rich pine-heath that burned as description of inventory understory tree vegetation date...

Abstract Many traditional pastoralist systems are greatly impacted by cumulative encroachments of other land users and climate change. Understanding degradation the adaptive capacity people who dependent on rangelands is an urgent priority for many areas in world. In this research we explore how changing environmental conditions affect herding strategies winter pastures role indigenous local knowledge (ILK) Sami reindeer husbandry. Our results indicate that still practiced, but rapidly...

In studies on natural dynamics, biodiversity and reference conditions legacies of preindustrial human land use are often neglected. this study, using archaeology dendrochronology combined with field surveys present forest characteristics, we assessed the naturalness a protected landscape examined role indigenous peoples in shaping structure past. Our results show that studied Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) conforms to generally accepted impression pristine forests it has long history...

Summary 1 In northern Fennoscandia a rare forest type, characterized by Cladina species and Picea abies , occurs on dry productive sites outside the range of permafrost but close to Scandes mountains. 2 We determined history vegetation development disturbance two Picea–Cladina forests test hypothesis that this type has natural origin. 3 used combination several retrospective archaeological methods, i.e. analysis pollen, macroscopic charcoal, dendroecological data, written historical sources,...

The transition from a hunter-gatherer economy to reindeer pastoralism among the Sami of northern Fennoscandia has been subject much debate scholars concerned with history. This paper adds new angle discussion by focusing on social structure society in high mountain area Sweden around A.D. 1000. spatial and temporal patterns so-called <i>stállo</i> settlements were analyzed relation seventeenth eighteenth century demography community organization historically known society. It is proposed...

The Sami people of northern Scandinavia and many indigenous peoples North America have used pine (Pinus spp.) inner bark for food, medicine other purposes. This study compares bark-peeling subsequent uses in western America, focusing on traditional practices. Pine contains substances – mainly carbohydrates, dietary fiber, vitamin C, minerals that were important complements to the protein-rich food living regions both continents. climate these was (and is) sharply seasonal, stored...