We have observed Bose-Einstein condensation of pairs fermionic atoms in an ultracold 6Li gas at magnetic fields above a Feshbach resonance, where no stable 6Li2 molecules would exist vacuum. accurately determined the position resonance to be 822+/-3 G. Molecular condensates were detected after fast field ramp, which transferred close distances into bound molecules. Condensate fractions as high 80% obtained. The large condensate are interpreted terms preexisting quasistable even two-body due...

We have observed Bose-Einstein condensation of molecules. When a spin mixture fermionic 6Li atoms was evaporatively cooled in an optical dipole trap near Feshbach resonance, the atomic gas converted into 6Li2 Below 600 nK, condensate up to 900 000 molecules identified by sudden onset bimodal density distribution. This realizes limit tightly bound fermion pairs crossover between BCS superfluidity and condensation.

Whether it occurs in superconductors, helium-3 or inside a neutron star, fermionic superfluidity requires pairing of fermions, particles with half-integer spin. For an equal mixture two states fermions ("spin up" and "spin down"), can be complete the entire system will become superfluid. When populations are unequal, not every particle find partner. Will nevertheless stay superfluid? Here we study this intriguing question unequal strongly interacting ultracold atoms. The superfluid region vs...

We have observed phase separation between the superfluid and normal component in a strongly interacting Fermi gas with imbalanced spin populations. The situ distribution of density difference two trapped components is obtained using phase-contrast imaging 3D image reconstruction. A shell structure clearly identified where region equal densities surrounded by unequal densities. transition induces dramatic change profiles as excess fermions are expelled from superfluid.

Radio-frequency techniques were used to study ultracold fermions. We observed the absence of mean-field "clock" shifts, dominant source systematic error in current atomic clocks based on bosonic atoms. This is a direct consequence fermionic antisymmetry. Resonance shifts proportional interaction strengths three-level system. However, strongly interacting regime, these became very small, reflecting quantum unitarity limit and many-body effects. insight into an Fermi gas relevant for quest...

We have observed three Feshbach resonances in collisions between $^{6}\mathrm{L}\mathrm{i}$ and $^{23}\mathrm{N}\mathrm{a}$ atoms. The were identified as narrow loss features when the magnetic field was varied. molecular states causing these been identified, additional $^{6}\mathrm{L}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{\text{\ensuremath{-}}}^{23}\mathrm{N}\mathrm{a}$ are predicted. These will allow study of degenerate Bose-Fermi mixtures with adjustable interactions could be used to generate ultracold...

Feshbach resonances in lithium-6 were experimentally studied and theoretically analyzed. In addition to two previously known s-wave resonances, we found three p-wave resonances. Four of these are narrow yield a precise value the singlet scattering length, but do not allow us accurately predict location broad resonance near 83 mT. Its position was measured molecule-dissociation experiment for which we, here, discuss systematic shifts.

We have produced a quantum degenerate 6Li Fermi gas with up to 7 x 10(7) atoms, an improvement by factor of 50 over all previous experiments gases. This was achieved sympathetic cooling bosonic 23Na in the F=2, upper hyperfine ground state. also Bose-Einstein condensation F=2 sodium atoms direct evaporation.

We present majority and minority radio frequency spectra of strongly interacting imbalanced Fermi gases 6Li. observed a smooth evolution in the nature pairing correlations from superfluid region to polaron binding highly polarized normal region. The imbalance induces quasiparticles even at very low temperature. This leads local bimodal spectral response, which allowed us determine gap Delta Hartree energy U.

Radio-frequency spectroscopy is used to study pairing in the normal and superfluid phases of a strongly interacting Fermi gas with imbalanced spin populations. At high imbalances system does not become even at zero temperature. In this phase full minority atoms observed. This demonstrates that mismatched surfaces do prevent but can quench state, thus realizing fermion pairs condense lowest

We present spatially resolved radio-frequency spectroscopy of a trapped Fermi gas with resonant interactions and observe spectral gap at low temperatures. The spatial distribution the response is obtained using in situ phase-contrast imaging 3D image reconstruction. At lowest temperature, homogeneous rf spectrum shows an asymmetric excitation line shape peak 0.48(4)epsilonF respect to free atomic line, where epsilonF local energy.

We studied the magnetic field dependence of inelastic decay an ultracold, optically trapped fermionic 6Li gas different spin compositions. The mixture two lowest hyperfine states showed resonances at 550 and 680 G, consistent with predicted Feshbach for elastic s-wave collisions. observed lifetimes several hundred ms are much longer than expected time Cooper pair formation phase transition to superfluidity in vicinity resonance.

We show the emergence of a strongly interacting Bose-Fermi mixture from two-component Fermi with population imbalance. By analyzing in situ density profiles 6Li atoms BCS-BEC crossover regime, we identify critical interaction strength, beyond which all minority pair up majority and form Bose condensate. This is regime where system can be effectively described as boson-fermion mixture. determine dimer-fermion dimer-dimer scattering lengths beyond-mean-field contributions. Our study realizes...

The dynamics of pair condensate formation in a strongly interacting Fermi gas close to Feshbach resonance was studied. We employed phase-shift method which the delayed response many-body system modulation interaction strength recorded. observable fraction condensed molecules cloud after rapid magnetic field ramp across resonance. measured time slow compared ramp, provides final proof that molecular condensates reflect presence fermion before ramp.

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We study the expansion of a rotating, superfluid Fermi gas. The presence and absence vortices in rotating gas is used to distinguish normal parts expanding cloud. find that pairs survive during until density decreases below critical value. Our observation flow at this point extends range where fermionic superfluidity has been studied densities 1.2 10^{11} cm^{-3}, about an order magnitude lower than any previous study.

We have observed Bose-Einstein condensation of molecules, created from a spin mixture fermionic 6Li atoms. The condensate realizes the limit tightly bound fermion pairs in crossover between BCS and BEC superfluidity.

Superfluidity in a two-state mixture of ultracold fermionic atoms with imbalanced state populations is established [1]. This relates to the long-standing debate about nature superfluid Fermi systems.

The widespread use of small, mobile computing devices such as smartphones increases the need to protect these and sensitive data they contain against unauthorized use. Authentication solutions based on biometrics are a promising way replace common mechanisms relying personal identification numbers or passwords, which often perceived inconvenient by users. Fingerprint authentication schemes have been introduced latest generations smartphones. Fingerprints easy record show low intra-class...