Black phosphorus (BP), an emerging narrow direct band-gap two-dimensional (2D) layered material that can fill the gap between semi-metallic graphene and wide-bandgap transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), had been experimentally found to exhibit saturation of optical absorption if under strong light illumination. By taking advantage this saturable property, we could fabricate a new type absorber (SA) based on mechanically exfoliated BPs, further demonstrate applications for ultra-fast...

Black phosphorous (BP), the most thermodynamically stable allotrope of phosphorus, is a high-mobility layered semiconductor with direct band-gap determined by number layers from 0.3 eV (bulk) to 2.0 (single layer). Therefore, BP considered as natural candidate for broadband optical applications, particularly in infrared (IR) and mid-IR part spectrum. The strong light-matter interaction, narrow band-gap, wide range tunable response make promising nonlinear material, great potentials...

Under strong laser radiation, a Dirac material, the topological insulator (TI) Bi2Te3, exhibits an optical transmittance increase as result of saturable absorption. Based on open-aperture Z-scan measurement at 1550 nm, we clearly show that TI, Bi2Te3 under our investigation, is indeed very-high-modulation-depth (up to 95%) absorber. Furthermore, TI based absorber device was fabricated and used passive mode locker for ultrafast pulse formation telecommunication band. This contribution...

Abstract By coupling few-layer Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS 2 ) with fiber-taper evanescent light field, a new type of MoS based nonlinear optical modulating element had been successfully fabricated as two-dimensional layered saturable absorber strong light-matter interaction. This -taper-fiber device is not only capable passively mode-locking an all-normal-dispersion ytterbium-doped fiber laser and enduring high power excitation (up to 1 W), but also functions polarization sensitive component...

We report on the generation of passive harmonic mode locking a fiber laser using microfiber-based topological insulator (TI) Bi(2)Te(3) saturable absorber (SA). The optical deposition method was employed to fabricate TISA. By virtue excellent nonlinear property proposed TISA, could operate at pulse repetition rate 2.04 GHz under pump power 126 mW, corresponding 418th fundamental frequency. results demonstrate that TI photonic device can as both high component and SA in lasers, also find...

Based on the open-aperture Z-scan measurement, we firstly uncovered saturable absorption property of topological insulator (TI): Bi2Se3. A high absolute modulation depth up to 98% and a saturation intensity 0.49 GWcm(-2) were identified. By incorporating this novel absorber material into an erbium-doped fiber laser, wavelength tunable soliton operation was experimentally demonstrated. Our result indicates that like atomic layer graphene, Bi2Se3 could also operate as effective for passive...

We report on the generation of a femtosecond pulse in fiber ring laser by using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) saturable absorber (SA). With optical intensity 34 MW/cm2 and modulation depth ∼4.3%, PVA-based MoS2 SA had been employed with an erbium-doped as mode locker. The mode-locking operation could be achieved at low pump threshold 22 mW. A ∼710 fs centered 1569.5 nm wavelength repetition rate 12.09 MHz proper cavity dispersion. variation net dispersion, output...

Few-layer black phosphorus (BP), as the most alluring graphene analogue owing to its similar structure and thickness dependent direct band-gap, has now triggered a new wave of research on two-dimensional (2D) materials based photonics optoelectronics. However, major obstacle practical applications for few-layer BPs comes from their instabilities laser-induced optical damage. Herein, we demonstrate that, BPs, which was fabricated through liquid exfoliation approach, can be developed saturable...

The third order nonlinear optical property of Bi 2 Se 3 , a kind topological insulator (TI), has been investigated under femto-second laser excitation.The open and closed aperture Z-scan measurements were used to unambiguously distinguish the real imaginary part nonlinearity TI.When excited at 800 nm, TI exhibits saturable absorption with saturation intensity 10.12 GW/cm modulation depth 61.2%, giant refractive index 10 -14 m /W, almost six orders magnitude larger than that bulk...

We reported on the generation of femtosecond pulse in an anomalous-dispersion fiber ring laser by using a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based Topological Insulator (TI), Bi2Se3 saturable absorber (SA). The PVA-TI composite has low optical intensity 12 MW/cm2 and modulation depth ~3.9%. By incorporating fabricated PVA-TISA into laser, mode-locking operation could be achieved at pump threshold 25 mW. After optimization cavity parameters, with ~660 fs centered 1557.5 nm wavelength had been generated....

Black phosphorus, a newly emerged two-dimensional material, has attracted wide attention as novel photonic material.Here, multi-layer black phosphorus is successfully fabricated by liquid phase exfoliation method.By employing saturable absorber, we demonstrate passively Q-switched Er-doped ZBLAN fiber laser at the wavelength of 2.8 μm.The modulation depth and saturation fluence absorber are measured to be 15% 9 μJ/cm 2 , respectively.The delivers maximum average power 485 mW with...

We report on the generation of large energy, widely wavelength tunable pulses in an erbium-doped fiber laser passively Q-switched by a topological insulator saturable absorber (TI-SA). The TI-SA is prepared through optical deposition method. Its saturating intensity and modulation depth are measured to be about 57 MW/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> 22%, respectively. show that high allows stable with per-pulse energy...

We report on the first experiments saturable absorption in graphene at microwave frequency band. Almost independent of incident frequency, absorbance always decreases with increasing power and reaches a constant level for larger than 80 µW, evidencing property graphene. Optical same sample was also experimentally confirmed by an open-aperture Z-scan technique one laser telecommunication band another pico-second 1053 nm, respectively. Herein, we are able to conclude that is indeed broadband...

Abstract Topological insulators are states of quantum matter that have narrow topological nontrivial energy gaps and a large third‐order nonlinear optical response. The absorption can become saturated under strong excitation. In this work, with Bi 2 Se 3 as an example, it was demonstrated insulator modulate the operation bulk solid‐state laser by taking advantage its saturable absorption. result suggests potentially attractive broadband pulsed modulators for generation short ultrashort...

We experimentally studied the nonlinear response of topological insulator (TI): Bi2Te3 at both optical and microwave band, found that absorbance decreases with increase incident power reaches a constant value once exceeds threshold. By open-aperture Z-scan balanced twin detector measurement techniques, saturable absorption property TI: from 800 nm to 1550 was demonstrated. Based on dependent transmittance experimental setup, also identified show saturation intensity ~12 μW/cm2 normalized...

A mid-infrared saturable absorber mirror is successfully fabricated by transferring the mechanically exfoliated black phosphorus onto gold-coated mirror. With as-prepared mirror, a continuous-wave passively mode-locked Er:ZBLAN fiber laser demonstrated at wavelength of 2.8 μm, which delivers maximum average output power 613 mW, repetition rate 24 MHz, and pulse duration 42 ps. To best our knowledge, this first time μm has been demonstrated. Our results demonstrate feasibility flake as new...

We demonstrate a switchable dual-wavelength synchronously pulsed fiber laser Q-switched by graphene saturable absorber. Wavelength-resolved studies on the output pulses show that despite of large wavelength spacing up to 26 nm, two at each individual can be temporally synchronized with per-pulse energy ~ 70 nJ. Further experiments adjusting intracavity birefringence, emission switched another operation regime separation 5.7 nm. Our experimental results are also qualitatively supported cavity...

We reported on the generation of high-order harmonic mode-locking in a fiber laser using microfiber-based molybdenum disulfide (MoS(2)) saturable absorber (SA). Taking advantage both absorption and large third-order nonlinear susceptibilities few-layer MoS(2), up to 2.5 GHz repetition rate HML pulse could be obtained at pump power 181 mW, corresponding 369th fundamental frequency. The results provide first demonstration simultaneous applications highly effects indicating that MoS(2) photonic...

We report an 1150-nm diode-pump passively Q-switched Ho3+-doped ZBLAN fiber laser using topological insulator (TI): Bi2Te3 as the saturable absorber (SA). The TI: prepared cost-effective hydrothermal intercalation/exfoliation method was dropped onto a CaF2 substrate to fabricate free-space SA component. It has low peak intensity of 2.12 MW/cm2 and high modulation depth 51.3% measured at 2 μm. Inserting this component into linear-cavity laser, stable pulses 2979.9 nm were obtained with...

An in-band pumped 1.645-μm Er:YAG ceramic laser passively Q-switched by a topological insulator: Bi <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Te xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> saturable absorber is reported. The average output power could reach up to 210 mW, corresponding pulsewidth, pulse repetition rate, and per-pulse energy of 6.3 μs, 40.7 kHz, 5.3 μJ, respectively. This result indicates that the be promising...

We demonstrate a new type of optical saturable absorber based on the self-assembled topological insulator Bi <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Se xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> membrane fabricated by drop-cast/evaporation approach. The strong viscosity allows its attachment onto fiber end-facet for practical optoelectronic applications. balanced twin-detector technique was used to characterize absorption...

We experimentally investigated the formation of various multi-soliton patterns and noise-like (NL) pulses in an erbium-doped fiber laser passively mode-locked by a new type saturable absorber: topological insulator. With increase pump power, operation states—ordered, chaotic bunched multiple-soliton—were subsequently obtained. Once power exceeds 401 mW, NL pulse state emerged, with maximum 3 dB bandwidth about 9.3 nm. This systematic study clearly demonstrated that insulator could be...

In a passively mode-locked Erbium-doped fiber laser with large anomalous-dispersion, we experimentally demonstrate the formation of noise-like square-wave pulse, which shows quite different features from conventional dissipative soliton resonance (DSR). The corresponding temporal and spectral characteristics variety operation states, including Q-switched mode-locking, continuous-wave mode-locking Raman-induced pulse near lasing threshold, are also investigated. Stable pulses can be obtained...

Dual-wavelength passively harmonic mode locking (HML) operation is demonstrated in an erbium-doped fiber laser with a microfiber-based topological insulator (TI) saturable absorber. It was found that the dual-wavelength pulse-trains possess different HML orders due to cavity nonlinear effects experienced by two wavelengths. By properly adjusting parameters, pulses repetition rates of 388 and 239 MHz were achieved. Moreover, wavelength switchable also obtained. The experimental results reveal...

The field of nonlinear optics continues to evolve and impact many fields particularly has promising applications in the biomedical field. Furthermore, a major application, all-optical switching, still not been realized because lack suitable material with high figure merit. This review focuses specifically on molecular materials that provide an opportunity for optimization optical nonlinearity at two levels: microscopic bulk. We present essential physics these levels describe how relationship...