Assisted living (AL) technologies, enabled by technical advances such as the advent of Internet Things, are increasingly gaining importance in our aging society. This article discusses potential future high-accuracy localization systems a key component AL applications. Accurate location information can be tremendously useful to realize, e.g., behavioral monitoring, fall detection, and real-time assistance. Such services expected provide older adults people with disabilities more independence...

Location awareness is a key factor for wealth of wireless indoor applications. Its provision requires the careful fusion diverse information sources. For agents that use radio signals localization, this may either come from signal transmissions with respect to fixed anchors, cooperative between agents, or radar-like monostatic transmissions. Using priori knowledge floor plan environment, specular multipath components can be exploited, based on geometric-stochastic channel model. In paper,...

The surface chemistry and band bending of the ammonium sulfide-treated GaAs (100) has been studied using surface-sensitive synchrotron radiation photoemission spectroscopy. We find that treatment leaves terminated with roughly a monolayer sulfur bonded to both As Ga atoms. An n-type barrier height 0.8 eV is measured. thermal stability various chemical components issues passivating mechanism are discussed.

In a radio propagation channel, deterministic reflections carry important position-related information. With the help of prior knowledge such as floor plan, this information can be exploited for indoor localization. This letter presents improvement multipath-assisted tracking approach using about relevance multipath components in an environment. is fed to filter observation noise model. It estimated from few training signals between anchors and agent at known positions. Tracking results are...

Highly accurate and reliable indoor positioning - at accuracy levels in the 10 cm range will enable a large number of innovative location-based applications because such essentially allow for useful real-time interaction humans cyber-physical systems. Activity recognition, navigation "shelf" level, geofencing, process monitoring control are among envisioned services that yield numerous various domains. This paper reviews difficulties faced by systems, motivating requirement signal bandwidth...

Radar sensors are crucial for environment perception of driver assistance systems as well autonomous vehicles. With a rising number radar and the so far unregulated automotive frequency band, mutual interference is inevitable must be dealt with. Algorithms models operating on data required to run early processing steps specialized sensor hardware. This hardware typically has strict resource-constraints, i.e. low memory capacity computational power. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)-based...

Radar systems are key components for today's advanced driver assistance such as adaptive cruise control or emergency brake assistants. Along with the rising utilization of radars in modern cars, issue interference amongst themselves arises. It has been shown previous work that between different frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar leads to an increased noise floor. This may severely impact detectability objects, especially those a small cross section like pedestrians. In this we...

The number of cars equipped with radar sensors is steadily increasing. Hence, mutual sensor interference will inevitably occur frequently. Interference results in decreased sensing performance, potentially leading to dangerous traffic situations. For the chirp sequence (CS) radars prevalent automotive applications, different processing algorithms for mitigation have been proposed. However, performances these not typically evaluated and compared a systematic way. In this paper we describe...

Driver assistance systems as well autonomous cars have to rely on sensors perceive their environment. A heterogeneous set of is used perform this task robustly. Among them, radar are indispensable because range resolution and the possibility directly measure velocity. Since more deployed streets, mutual interference must be dealt with. In so far unregulated automotive frequency band, a sensor capable detecting, or even mitigating harmful effects interference, which include decreased...

Multipath-assisted indoor positioning (using ultrawideband signals) exploits the geometric information contained in deterministic multipath components. With help of a-priori available floorplan information, robust localization can be achieved, even absence a line-of-sight connection between anchor and agent. In recent work, Cramér-Rao lower bound has been derived for position estimation variance using channel model which explicitly takes into account diffuse as stochastic noise process...

Location awareness is one of the most important requirements for many future wireless applications. Multipath-assisted indoor navigation and tracking (MINT) a possible concept to enable robust accurate localization an agent in environments. Using a-priori knowledge floor plan environment position physical anchors, specular multipath components can be exploited, based on geometric-stochastic channel model. So-called virtual anchors (VAs), which are mirror images used as additional...

The Cramér-Rao lower bound on the ranging error variance is revisited to quantify influence of dense multipath in indoor environments. Our analytical results yield novel insight scaling and positioning accuracy as a function bandwidth number diversity branches. It also yields detectability useful line-of-sight signal component. found that Fisher information scales faster than quadratically but only linearly independent We investigate entire bandwidth-range from flat-fading narrowband case up...

Autonomous driving highly depends on capable sensors to perceive the environment and deliver reliable information vehicles' control systems. To increase its robustness, a diversified set of is used, including radar sensors. Radar vital contribution sensory information, providing high resolution range as well velocity measurements. The increased use in road traffic introduces new challenges. As so far unregulated frequency band becomes increasingly crowded, suffer from mutual interference...

Ultrathin nitrided SiO2/Si(001) films were studied using angle-resolved x-ray photoemission spectroscopy. The structure of the oxynitride depended on nitridation process. Under one type film kept SiO2, with N assuming O sites. By taking advantage nonuniformity chemical depth profile, Si 2p shift was determined for those atoms bonded to three and atom, two atoms. stoichiometry profile recognized through a simple method that allowed input physical constrains.

This paper describes an indoor positioning method using ultra-wideband (UWB) signals from one single transmitter at a known location together with a-priori floor plan information. The position of the receiver is estimated signal reflections in room walls and direct path. Therefore, algorithm inherently robust to non-line-of-sight conditions, which are considered key problem range-based positioning. We introduce likelihood models for individual range measurements that correspond double...

The MINT (multipath-assisted indoor navigation and tracking) problem exploits the geometry of deterministic multipath components (MPCs) for robust positioning in line-of-sight (LOS) non-LOS situations. It assumes a known room layout can thus easily make use signals reflected by walls, instance. In this paper, Cramer-Rao lower bound error is derived problem. This requires novel channel model, where diffuse modeled as colored Gaussian process that influences effective SNR MPCs. adverse effect...

We apply joint probabilistic data association (JPDA) to multipath-assisted indoor navigation and tracking (MINT). In MINT, position-related information in multipath components (MPCs) is exploited increase the accuracy robustness of tracking. Conventional MINT algorithms are based on deterministic perform a global nearest-neighbor "hard" MPC-related delays with room geometry. such setup, incorrect associations may lead severe errors divergence Bayesian filter. Here, we propose JPDA-MINT...

Ray tracing tools allow for deterministic simulation of the channel impulse response. Studies show that these work well when response consists only a few distinct components. However, measurements in indoor environments reveal diffuse tail. This tail is difficult to include ray due computational complexity. We propose hybrid model components and by combining with propagation graph. The recursive structure graph allows computationally efficient calculation transfer function considering...

We present a novel UWB indoor localization concept that performs the position estimation with set of virtual anchor nodes, generated from single physical and floor plan information. Using range estimates to anchors, we perform multilateration estimate an agent. Previous work has shown general applicability this concept. In contribution, use moving agent exploit correlation in successive positions using state-space concepts. A motion model for measurement likelihood function allow powerful...

In multipath-assisted indoor navigation and tracking (MINT), explicit use is made of multipath propagation in the ultra-wideband channel. With help floorplan information, localization possible with only one reference node. this work, we introduce MINT among cooperating users order to omit need any known nodes. The received signal modeled as a combination deterministic components, diffuse represented by random process AWGN. mixed line-of-sight (LOS)/non-LOS (NLOS) scenario, show how...

We present a detailed analysis of an indoor UWB channel measurement campaign. The focus is on the modeling deterministic part multipath using a-priori known relevant reflections and scatterers, found from available floor plan. Our approach uses virtual signal sources, whose locations visibilities can be calculated simple ray-launching techniques. steps exploit these results, effective cancellation method that introduces virtually no artifacts. show corresponding multipath-components explain...

Radar sensors are increasingly utilized in today's cars. This inevitably leads to increased mutual sensor interference and thus a performance decrease, potentially resulting major safety risks. Understanding signal impairments caused by accurately helps devise processing schemes combat said degradation. For the frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radars prevalent automotive applications, it has been shown that so-called non-coherent occurs frequently results an increase of noise...