Evolutionarily conserved insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling (IIS) has been identified as a major physiological mechanism underlying the nutrient-dependent regulation of sexually selected weapon in animals. However, molecular mechanisms that couple nutritional state with remain largely unknown. Here, we show one specific subtype insulin-like peptide (ILP) responds to nutrient status and thereby regulates size broad-horned flour beetle Gnatocerus cornutus. By using...

In group-living animals, social interactions influence various traits including circadian activity. Maternal care, in particular, can have a strong effect on the activity of parents or nurses across taxa. insects, nest-mates are known to diverse rhythms; however, what kind environment is crucial shaping an individual's rhythm largely unknown. Here, we show that focal brood types being taken care (i.e. egg, larva and pupa) significant effects individual activity/rest rhythm, using monomorphic...

Ant foragers provide food to the rest of colony, often requiring transport over long distances. Foraging for liquid is challenging because it difficult and share. Many social insects store liquids inside crop them nest, then regurgitate distribute nest-mates through a behaviour called trophallaxis. Some ants instead fluids with riskier pseudotrophallaxis—holding drop between mandibles surface tension. Ants share this droplet without ingestion or regurgitation. We hypothesised that optimize...

Abstract In many social hymenopterans, workers of different ages engage in tasks; younger remain inside the nest as intranidal workers, while older go outside extranidal (i.e., age polyethism). Previous studies have shown that ovarian activity is diminished old, but it remains unclear whether workers’ reproductive ability persists for life or they exhibit post-reproductive lifespans. this study, we investigated age-dependence worker a monomorphic ponerine ant Diacamma cf. indicum . ants, all...

Circadian rhythms, which respond to the day-night cycle on earth, arise from endogenous timekeeping system within organisms, called "biological clock." For accurate circadian daily fluctuations in light and temperature are considered one of important time cues. In social insects, both abiotic biotic factors (i.e., interactions) play a significant role activity-rest rhythm regulation. However, it is challenging monitor individual rhythms colony because large group size small body size....

Abstract The success of social insects is often attributed to the specialized morphologies and behaviours workers. One most elaborate specializations in ant species workers’ plugging behaviour, which their uniquely shaped heads are used for nest defence. These generally tree cavities. Without morphologically workers (major workers) entrance, nests easily attacked replaced by conspecific heterospecific cavity‐dwelling ants other predators. Therefore, major expected defend at all times....

Abstract Ant foragers need to provide food the rest of colony, which often requires transport over long distances. Foraging for liquid is especially challenging because it difficult and share. Many social insects store inside crop nest, then regurgitate this fluid distribute nestmates through a behaviour called trophallaxis. Some ants instead fluids with riskier pseudotrophallaxis – holding drop between mandibles surface tension. Ants can share droplet without ingestion or regurgitation....

This study has attempted to develop a prototype of master-slave manipulation system with force-feedback function for use in remote endoscopic surgery. The slave uses forceps which is capable being opened and closed by motor-and-wire-driven arrangement, located at the head robot arm system. master manipulator involves mechanical link same structure scale as robot-arm one that used manipulator; likewise, it also on (the reaction force Is generated system). A trocar can generate against...

Death feigning, a state of immobility observed in many animals response to external stimuli, is an anti-predator behaviour. Although previous studies showed that death-feigning behaviours are quantitative genetic traits, the knowledge heritable basis behaviour lacking. To investigate behaviour, we used 3 laboratory strains braconid parasitoid wasp, Heterospilus prosopidis. The using half-sib analysis, and effects different geographical backgrounds, rearing conditions laboratory, host age...

ABSTRACT Animals produce and perceive vibroacoustic signals. Vespa hornet larvae a rhythmic ‘rasping’ sound by rubbing their mandibles against the cell wall of nest. The call is thought to be larval provisioning cue. However, detailed observations calls have been limited few species, it not known whether can influenced external environment, such as light time day, or internal states, feeding. We conducted laboratory under workerless conditions investigate effects 1) stage, 2) daily...

Since the dawn of life, transfers metabolized material between individuals have led to great innovations evolution. When is transferred from one individual’s body another (as with sperm, eggs, milk, symbionts), secondary manipulative molecules that induce a physiological response in receiver are often along primary cargo. The bioactive and transfer-supporting components these socially materials evolved convergently point where they can be used applications across taxa type transfer. Because...

Social insects are one of the best examples complex self-organized systems exhibiting task allocation. How allocation is achieved most fascinating question in behavioural ecology and science. However, it difficult to comprehensively characterize patterns due complexity, such as individual variation, context dependency chronological variation. Thus, imperative quantify behaviours integrate them into colony levels. Here, we applied bipartite network analyses individual-behaviour relationships....

Abstract Circadian rhythms, which respond to the day/night cycle on earth, arise from endogenous timekeeping system within organisms, called biological clock. For accurate circadian oscillations are synchronized light and temperature. In social insects, both abiotic biotic factors (i.e., interactions) play a significant role in active/rest rhythm regulation. However, it is challenging monitor individual active-rest rhythms colony because of large group size small body size. Therefore,...

Abstract Social insects are one of the best examples complex self-organised systems exhibiting task allocation. How allocation is achieved most fascinating question in behavioural ecology and science. However, it difficult to comprehensively characterise patterns due complexity, such as individual variation, context dependency, chronological variation. Thus, imperative quantify behaviours integrate them into colony levels. Here, we applied bipartite network analyses individual-behaviour...