We have obtained convincing experimental evidence of the time correlation single-electron tunneling (SET) events, i.e., SET oscillations with average frequency ${f}_{s}$ fundamentally related as ${f}_{s}$=I/e to dc current I. The experiments been carried out one-dimensional N-junction arrays Al/oxide/Al tunnel junctions area S\ensuremath{\approxeq}0.006 \ensuremath{\mu}${\mathrm{m}}^{2}$ at T\ensuremath{\approxeq}60 mK. showed up resonance peaks dynamic resistance dV/dI a function I, arising...

Abstract The major task of detecting axions or axion-like particles has two challenges. On the one hand, ultimate sensitivity is required, down to energy a single microwave photon yoctojoule range. other since detected events are supposed be rare, dark count rate detector must extremely low. We show that this trade-off can approached due peculiar switching dynamics an underdamped Josephson junction in phase diffusion regime. detection few photons’ at 10 GHz with time above s and efficiency...

Single-electron tunneling in Al/${\mathrm{AlO}}_{\mathrm{x}}$/Al junctions with areas below 0.01 \ensuremath{\mu}${\mathrm{m}}^{2}$ was studied at temperatures close to 1 K. The junctions, placed different high-frequency environments but similar all other aspects, exhibited dc I-V curves, accordance the theory of correlated single-electron tunneling. Our results imply that a electron can effectively probe its electrodynamic environment distances much larger than...

We have studied the low-temperature behavior of lead-alloy Josephson tunnel junctions with area S\ensuremath{\approxeq}0.01 \ensuremath{\mu}${\mathrm{m}}^{2}$, isolated from their electromagnetic environment by high-resistance metallic resistors inserted into current and voltage leads. Under irradiation microwaves frequencies, f=3.5--10 GHz, dc differential resistance dV/dI, as a function I, showed peaks at I=\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2ef. This effect, other observations, arises due to...

On analyse les phénomènes qui peuvent se produire dans une jonction S-c-S (supra- conducteur-constriction-supraconducteur), couplée à un circuit hyperfréquence.On étudie et on discute propriétés des jonctions, comparées celles éléments non linéaires usuels en obtient caractéristiques récepteurs (amplificateurs, détecteurs, ou changeurs de fréquence) utilisant ces phénomènes.Les limites dispositifs différents régimes fonctionnement sont analysées avec obtenues expérimentalement.On montre que...

Coulomb blockade of single-electron tunneling and high sensitivity to an external electric field has been observed for 1D series arrays ultra-small-area (<0.1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}0.1 \ensuremath{\mu}${\mathrm{m}}^{2}$) tunnel junctions, made Al/${\mathrm{Al}}_{\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{y}}$/Al, at helium temperatures. In particular, the dc voltage V across array responds strongly a ${U}_{g}$ applied control electrode. For thirteen gain...

The operation of the hot-electron bolometer with normal metal-insulator-superconductor (NIS) tunnel junction as a temperature sensor is analyzed theoretically. responsivity and noise equivalent power (NEP) are obtained numerically for typical experimental parameters. Relatively simple approximate analytical expressions these values derived. time constant device also found. We demonstrate that effect electron cooling by NIS junction, which serves thermometer, can improve sensitivity. This...

We have fabricated and investigated submicron-size (0.01 0.04 \ensuremath{\mu}${\mathrm{m}}^{2}$) Pb-alloy single Josephson junctions attached to high-resistance thin-film NiCr or Cr leads which provide the necessary conditions for a strong charging effect. When coupling energy is less than energy, we find novel shape of current-voltage curves, with Coulomb gap at small voltages, current peak larger voltages. A theory based on concept incoherent Cooper-pair tunneling has explained data well.

We demonstrate the narrow switching distribution of an underdamped Josephson junction from zero to finite voltage state at millikelvin temperatures. argue that such junctions can be used as ultrasensitive detectors single photons in GHz range, operating close quantum limit: a given initial (zero voltage) driven by incoming signal state. The width nominal temperature about T = 10 mK was 4.5 nA, which corresponds effective noise device below 60 mK.

An aluminium Josephson junction (JJ), with a critical current suppressed by factor of three compared the maximal value calculated from gap, is experimentally investigated for application as threshold detector microwave photons. We present preliminary results measurements lifetime superconducting state and probability switching 9 GHz external signal. found an anomalously large lifetime, not described Kramers' theory escape time over barrier under influence fluctuations. explain it phase...

The time correlation of tunneling events has been predicted to occur in ultrasmall tunnel junctions: a periodic with frequency determined by the current f=I/e. To test predictions, we have fabricated one-dimensional arrays Al/${\mathrm{Al}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{O}}_{\mathit{y}}$/Al junctions areas down 0.006 \ensuremath{\mu}${\mathrm{m}}^{2}$ corresponding capacitances \ensuremath{\sim}0.2 fF. Each array contained between 15 and 53 junctions. Current-voltage characteristics were measured...

Axions and axion-like particles appear in well-motivated extensions of the standard model particle physics may be solution to long-standing puzzle dark matter our Universe. Several new experiments are foreseen next decade searching them a wide range parameter space. In mass region from few several tens microelectronvolt, detector sensitivity will limited by quantum limit linear amplifiers class single microwave-photon needed. We have developed photon counter based on voltage switching an...

Abstract Bolometers for balloon and space missions have seen extensive development because of their capacity to test primordial conditions the Universe. The major improvements consist in lowering operating temperature reach higher sensitivities. Here we show that an array 192 cold-electron bolometers (CEB) demonstrates photon-noise-limited operation at cryostat 310 mK due effective self-cooling absorber. direct electron cooling nanoabsorber placed between normal metal - insulator...

When measuring electromagnetic radiation of frequency f, the most sensitive detector counts single quanta energy hf. Single photon detectors have been demonstrated from γ-rays to infrared wavelengths, with ongoing efforts extend their range microwaves. Here we show that an underdamped Josephson junction can detect 14 GHz thermal photons, 10 yJ or 50 μeV, stochastically emitted by a microwave copper cavity at millikelvin temperatures. After characterizing source and detector, vary temperature...

A cryogenic bolometer has been fabricated using a bundle of single-walled carbon nanotubes as absorber. bolometric response was observed when the device exposed to radiation at 110GHz. The temperature 0.4mV∕K, with an intrinsic electrical responsivity low frequency up 109V∕W and noise equivalent power 3×10−16W∕Hz1∕2 4.2K. is largest input levels few femtowatts decreases inversely proportional power. Low shows 1∕f dependence.

We argue that parametrically strong enhancement of a thermoelectric current can be observed in conventional superconductors doped by magnetic impurities. This effect is caused the violation symmetry between electronlike and holelike excitations due to formation subgap bound Andreev states vicinity develop quantitative theory this demonstrate it detected modern experiments.

We have considered relativistic soliton dynamics governed by the sine-Gordon equation and affected short spatial inhomogeneities of driving force thermal noise. Developed analytical numerical methods for calculation scattering at allowed us to examine as a measurement tool sensitive detection polarity inhomogeneities. superconducting fluxonic ballistic detector an example device in which is utilized quantum measurements flux qubits. optimized process varying starting stationary velocity well...

We have observed the photon noise by measuring a response to black body 350 GHz radiation and of cold-electron bolometers (CEBs). The experimental results been fit theoretical model CEBs with two heat-balance equations. measured has decomposed into several terms help theory. It is demonstrated that exceeds any other components, which allows us conclude measure noise. Moreover, peculiar shape dependence on absorbed power originates completely from photonic component according In additional...

Here, we experimentally test the applicability of an aluminium Josephson junction a few micrometers size as single photon counter in microwave frequency range. We have measured switching from superconducting to resistive state through absorption 10 GHz photons. The dependence probability on signal power suggests that is initiated by simultaneous three and more photons, with dark count time above 0.01 s.

A novel concept of the parallel/series array Cold-Electron Bolometers (CEB) with Superconductor-Insulator-Normal (SIN) Tunnel Junctions has been proposed. The was developed specially for matching CEB JFET amplifier at conditions high optical power load. is a planar antenna-coupled superconducting detector sensitivity. For combination effective HF operation and low noise properties current-biased CEBs are connected in series DC parallel signal. signal concentrated from an antenna to absorber...

Two series/parallel arrays of ten cold-electron bolometers with superconductor-insulator-normal tunnel junctions were integrated in orthogonal ports a cross-slot antenna. To increase the dynamic range receiver, all single an array are connected parallel for microwave signal by capacitive coupling. output response, series dc bias. With measured voltage-to-temperature response 8.8 μV/mK, absorber volume 0.08 μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"...

We consider a ballistic detector formed in an interferometer manner which operational principle relies on Josephson vortex scattering at measurement potential. propose approach to symmetrize the scheme and explore arising advantages signal-to-noise ratio back-action measured object by means of recently presented numerical analytical methods for modeling soliton dynamics presence thermal fluctuations. The obtained characteristics experimentally relevant parameters reveal practical...

The effect of complex dynamics solitons on the output noise system (thermal jitter) is studied in frame driven underdamped Frenkel-Kontorova model. In contrast to continuous case, we have observed a dramatic splash jitter. It demonstrated that this jitter increase related joining an initial soliton with one generated by large amplitude oscillations Cherenkov radiation tail, which results establishment unified structure.