ABSTRACT A multiantenna system comprising of an eight‐element antenna array in mobile terminal is presented. In this work, two sets structures based on capacitive coupling element and inverted‐F antennas operating at 3400–3600 MHz long‐term evolution frequency band are designed. The estimated to achieve a good effective diversity gain both uniform nonuniform environments. It also shown that the proposed ergodic multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) capacity only 1.2 bit/(s Hz) lower than...

This letter reports a systematic simulation study of the performance mobile terminal antennas in vicinity user's hand. The effects antenna dimensioning and location on ground plane device are demonstrated. studied parameters quality factor, radiation efficiency, frequency detuning. Based results, beneficial approaches general guidelines for designs with reduced effect hand can be given. For instance, it is shown that efficiency stays nearly constant (variation <;0.2 dB) despite changes...

Performance and characterization of harmonic transponders is investigated both theoretically experimentally. The response a transponder based on Schottky diode analytically derived in the case when excitation power low. Theoretical calculations prove that at high frequencies, capacitive nonlinearity contributes more to frequency multiplication than resistive nonlinearity. This means feasibility particular for applications largely depends its varactor properties. Figures-of-merit (FOM) are...

This article describes a dual-polarized endfire antenna array for millimeter-wave (mm-wave) frequencies. The consists of chain-slot-shaped pattern on mobile phone metal frame. is fed using transmission line, which would cause only negligible capacitive loading the sub-6 GHz realized same frame and, therefore, not significantly degrade its performance. makes colocating and mm-wave antennas in same, shared volume possible. Measurements indicate that four-element placed within provides gain...

This article presents a dual-polarized millimeterwave endfire antenna array for mobile devices. The is integrated into metal-framed phone and radiates through 20 × 3.5 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> window in the metal frame. measurement results show realized gain above 6 dBi frequency band of 28-33 GHz three-element array. Beam-steering up to ±40° possible. physically offset from frame, thus minimizing capacitive...

In this paper, a dual-polarized frequency-reconfigurable mm-wave patch antenna array is described. The design incorporates varactor diodes symmetrically loaded onto the four corners of square patch. Parallel plate series capacitors are constructed to achieve required low total capacitance by moving an inner layer. Additionally, novel dual-function shorting vias implemented into structure, which serve as RF choke for providing dc-bias voltage varactors, and behave shunt inductive loadings...

This letter introduces a novel 2.6-GHz multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system for mobile terminals. The structures consist of broadband main covering most the LTE-A bands and narrowband second operating at band. is traditional monopole-type capacitive coupling element (CCE) placed on short edge terminal. consists two out-of-phase fed inductive elements (ICEs) long edges chassis. purpose to demonstrate that this kind offers good performance in terms electromagnetic (EM)...

A novel design strategy for multi-standard mobile handset antennas is presented and verified with experimental results. The results show that the antenna operates better than -3 dB (50%) efficiency across frequencies of 698-2900 MHz 3250-3600 MHz, thus having state-of-the-art performance. shown to have a robust performance user, it can fulfill specific absortion rate (SAR) hearing aid compatibility (HAC) requirements. In addition, demonstrated how multi-antenna functionality be included...

An inherently non‐resonant capacitive coupling element antenna for mobile handsets is presented. The compact includes a simple with novel multi‐band matching circuit simultaneous 698–960 and 1710–2690 MHz operation. Experimental results show that the performs strongly in comparison to current state‐of‐the‐art terminal antennas, competitive choice terminals.

A novel frequency reconfigurable 4G Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) handset antenna is presented and verified with experimental results.Frequency tuning used to minimize the volume compensate for losses related user-originated impedance detuning.Both elements are independently can cover most of LTE-A bands.The study compares CMOS-and MEMS-based digitally tunable capacitors (DTC).In addition, two prototypes total volumes 1170 3900 mm 3 have been studied.The results show that larger...

In this letter, it is shown how the behavior of a capacitive coupling element (CCE)-based mobile terminal antenna can be modeled at UHF band as combination separate wavemodes structure. The proposed equivalent circuit model improves general understanding operation It used for analyzing combined performance and chassis, but also helps in different parts structure contribute to impedance radiation.

This paper deals with the effect of user's hands on performance lower UHF-band antennas in handheld terminals. It is studied that how input impedance, efficiency, and far-field directional pattern internal broadband digital television antenna are affected by presence hands. The main part study has been carried out applying finite-difference time-domain simulations. Measurements have performed to support results obtained In worst case, as much 7-11 dB decrease efficiency compared free space...

An experimental study on capacitive coupling element based mobile terminal antennas is presented, with focus impedance detuning caused by the electromagnetic interactions between antenna and user of handset. Robustness against can be affected both design matching circuitry. With a naturally non-selective suitable circuit design, limited to moderate level.

A five-element inverted-F antenna array on mobile terminal for both multiple input output (MIMO) communications and radio direction finding (RDF) applications is presented. The multi-element (MEA) system has been designed to be used in the frequency band of future Long Term Evolution (LTE) at 3400-3600 MHz integrated along edges upper ground plane a clamshell type terminal. Without using any specific multi-antenna isolation techniques, antennas have optimized acceptable mutual coupling small...

A new method to decrease the effect of hand and head on operation mobile terminal antennas at 900 MHz frequency band is introduced. The proposed structure consists two antenna elements. Depending use position, better-performing element selected other acting as a shield. It shown by simulations that can improve total efficiency with up 4.8 dB maximum specific absorption rate in 30–44% compared traditional single structure.

Analysis of a self-resonant, dual-frequency-matched antenna is presented. The operating frequencies the are harmonically separated, and 1-GHz fundamental 2-GHz second harmonic used. This type can be used, e.g., in transponder applications, where loaded with nonlinear element, which typically Schottky diode. In this letter, impedance properties studied investigated using an example Compared to conventional 50- Ω environments, frequency-dependent diode provides additional challenges for...

In this letter, it is shown that inverted-top wavetraps, which are quarter-wavelength-long resonators, can be used to control the near-fields of a mobile terminal antenna. The local reduction especially important for operation hearing aid user. reshaping may also enable reduced specific absorption rate (SAR) values.

In this paper, compensation of the effect user's finger on operation a mobile terminal antenna is studied, using selection as method. A dual-element compared with single-element occupying same total volume. The results show that can provide an improvement at least 2 dB in efficiency GSM1800 frequency band when under influence index user.

Design of harmonic transponders is presented in a case when the operating frequencies are implemented with separate matching circuit based on lumped components. The required frequency multiplication generated by diode, and both varactor detector diodes investigated. Benefits drawbacks proposed design compared to completely self-resonant transponder antennas considered. Transponders designed for three different diodes. Based obtained results, it can be seen that using matching-circuit-based...

Reducing the effect of hand and head a user on operation mobile terminal antennas is investigated with simulations measurements. The study made at 900 2000 MHz. shielded antenna structure consists two elements. Non-self-resonant elements are required to obtain an improved performance. Depending use position, better-performing element selected other acting as shield. It shown that proposed can improve total efficiency by 5.0 dB decrease maximum specific absorption rate (SAR) in 81% MHz...

The implementation of internal broadband antennas for lower UHF-band cellular systems (including low-band LTE) in mobile terminals is studied. Especially, the limits minimum size capacitive coupling element-based antenna structures inside different-sized handsets are evaluated and compared. paper also increases general understanding based on radiation finite ground plane.

Performance of a harmonic transponder strongly depends on the properties antenna and diode used, which makes finding good combination them very important. For with fixed geometry, effect different diodes is analyzed through electromagnetic simulations theoretical calculations. The used in directly matched to impedance particular diode. Effects both detector varactor return loss characteristics obtainable response are observed. Criteria for selecting suitable given. Benefits drawbacks using...