Abstract Soil erosion by water is mostly the result of rainfall‐driven and runoff‐driven processes taking place simultaneously during a storm event. However, effect interaction between these two has received limited attention. Most laboratory experiments indicate that rate in rain‐impacted flow greater than for un‐impacted flows similar depth velocity; however, negative also been reported. There no provision any such current models. This paper reports on results number exact three soil types...

Grazing by livestock has a great influence on soil characteristics with major effects carbon and nitrogen cycling in grazing lands. practices affect properties different ways depending the prescribed stocking rate periods. The new system of short, intensive followed long period rest, referred to as time-controlled (TC grazing), become popular among many graziers Australia elsewhere. However, little research been carried out impacts this physical chemical health soil. To address issue,...

Abstract Mechanisms of sediment detachment by rainfall and transport runoff were studied to seek explanation for the enrichment sorbed chemicals in eroded compared with original soil. Experiments carried out which outer coats structurally stable aggregates peeled away material inner core analyzed separately chemical concentrations. Results showed that removed from layers aggregate had higher concentrations than organic matter, N, six different pesticides. Aggregates same soil exposed a flume...

Abstract Breakdown of soil aggregates by rainfall, loss sediment, and the enrichment fine particles, organic matter, N in eroded sediment were measured flume experiments with a constant rainfall rate 100 mm h −1 . Experiments covering two types different surface configurations slopes designed to ensure beth exclusion runoff entrainment as major erosion factor, that throughout exposure was unprotected any significant depth water. Sediment concentration differed initially for experimental...

Summary Estimates of rain drop impact stress were made from measurements the penetration water drops through nylon meshes, analysis cine photographs splash and output a force transducer. Results indicated maximum stresses 2–6 MPa acting for about 50 microseconds on perimeter circle corresponding with shape initial rebound corona.

The time-controlled rotational grazing (TC grazing) has become popular in Australia and elsewhere the world to provide graziers ranchers with improved productivity over traditional practices. However, this system, which involves short periods of intensive grazing, raised concerns about sustainability environmental impacts on water soil resources, ecosystem health generally. A runoff experiment at catchment scale was established property ‘Currajong’ south-east region Queensland, Australia,...

Summary The stress produced by raindrop impact, calculated as the rate of change momentum divided area contact, was found to be only partly satisfactory in studies breakdown paper tissue and soil crumbs. stresses for failure did not agree closely with values other methods, varied systematically size. differences were related effect duration application stress, concentration around periphery drop.

A series of experiments was conducted in a large tilting flume to investigate the effects buffer strips on flowhydrology and sediment transport/deposition around strips. Changes flow depth caused by eithernails or grass were recorded, photographed, measured with high degree accuracy. Flow retardation took place atsome distance ahead strips, causing water level rise. This is dependent upon slope strip densityfor any given rate. With increase slope, point at which increased moved closer...

Abstract The process of crater formation by the impact water drops on soil, sand and various other target material was studied. Craters shapes sizes were observed different materials or conditions, ranging from circumferential depression to completely hemispherical shape. Crater shape dependent upon material, its flow stress shear strength presence thickness surface. Between 5 22 per cent energy spent cratering, but relationship between volume kinetic a raindrop curvilinear, indicating lower...

ABSTRACT In this research, the effects of land use and slope position on soil properties its agronomic productivity were studied in a greenhouse experiment. The study also covered water stress, fertilizer treatment their interactions. Eight samples collected from four positions along hill slopes two adjacent types rangeland dry farmland semiarid region Iran. Soil analyzed for physical chemical yield components wheat measured as indices replicated pot Soils showed higher fertility better...

Abstract Atrazine (2‐chloro‐4‐ethylamino‐6‐isopropyl amino‐ s ‐triazine) dissipation was compared in conventional‐till and no‐till Holdredge loam soil (fine‐silty, mixed, mesic Typic Argiustolls) during the sorghum phase of a 3‐yr winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)‐sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]‐fallow rotation. Dissipation similar both tillage treatments half‐life atrazine surface 10 cm estimated by linear regression to be approximately 42 50 d plots, respectively. Movement...