The efficiency of organic solar cells (OSCs) is influenced by various factors, among which environmental temperature plays a significant role. Previous studies have shown that the thermal stability these can be enhanced incorporating third component into their structure. Ternary cells, particularly, promising results in improving stability. A well-designed electron transport layer (ETL) significantly bolster facilitating efficient charge and reducing recombination. In this study, we...

We present a method to determine the local surface charge of solid–liquid interfaces from Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) measurements that takes into account shifts adsorption/desorption equilibria protons and ions as cantilever tip approaches sample. recorded AFM force distance curves in dynamic mode with sharp tips on heterogeneous silica surfaces partially covered by gibbsite nano-particles immersed an aqueous electrolyte variable concentrations dissolved NaCl KCl at pH 5.8. Forces are...

Single-junction organic solar cells have reached a power conversion efficiency of 20% with narrow bandgap non-fullerene electron acceptor materials such as Y6, well large band gap donor and their derivatives. The improvement single-junction is result highly efficient light harvesting in the near-infrared range reduced energy losses most promising active layer layout currently available, Bulk-Heterojunction. Ternary blending known to be advanced strategy construct Bulk-Heterojunction...

Abstract Electroosmotic flow of Power‐law fluids over a surface with arbitrary zeta potentials is analyzed. The governing equations including the nonlinear Poisson–Boltzmann equation, Cauchy momentum equation and continuity are solved to seek exact solutions for electroosmotic velocity, shear stress, dynamic viscosity distributions inside electric double layer. Specifically, an expression general Smoluchowski velocity obtained electroosmosis in fashion similar classic Newtonian fluids....

Electrokinetically driven microfluidic devices are usually used to analyze and process biofluids which can be classified as non-Newtonian fluids. Conventional electrokinetic theories resulting from Newtonian hydrodynamics then fail describe the behaviors of these In this study, a theoretical analysis electro-osmotic mobility fluids is reported. The general Cauchy momentum equation simplified by incorporation Gouy–Chapman solution Poisson–Boltzmann Carreau fluid constitutive model. Then...

EOF of non-Newtonian power-law fluids in a cylindrical microchannel is analyzed theoretically. Specially, exact solutions electroosmotic velocity corresponding to two special fluid behavior indices (n = 0.5 and 1.0) are found, while approximate derived for arbitrary values index. It found that because the approximation first-order modified Bessel function first kind, introduce largest errors predicting when thickness electric double layer comparable channel radius, but can accurately predict...

Microfluidics has been undergoing fast development in the past two decades due to its promising applications biotechnology, medicine, and chemistry. Towards these applications, enhancing concentration sensitivity detection resolution are indispensable meet limits because of dilute sample concentrations, ultra-small volumes short lengths microfluidic devices. A variety techniques for concentrating analytes have developed. This article presents an overview analyte microfluidics. We focus on...

Collective effects on thermophoresis of aqueous particle suspensions are studied experimentally and theoretically. A microfluidic device is used to characterize thermophoretic transport 100 nm, 500 nm 1 μm particles various concentrations in deionized (DI) water. Our experimental findings show two interesting collective the Soret coefficient colloids: (i) for smaller (e.g., nm), a sign change observed when increasing concentration; (ii) larger μm), negative always seen. model derived account...

In this paper, a mathematical model is established to examine the impacts of Stefan blowing on unsteady magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow an electrically conducting nanofluid over stretching sheet in existence thermal radiation, Arrhenius activation energy and chemical reaction. It proposed use Buongiorno synchronize effects magnetic electric fields velocity temperature enhance conductivity. We utilized suitable transformation simplify governing partial differential equation (PDEs) into set...

An effective electrical boundary condition is formulated to describe AC field-driven induced-charge electrokinetic (ICEK) phenomena at the interface between a liquid and leaky dielectric solid. Since most materials in reality possess finite conductive properties, i.e. dielectric, present can be used induced zeta potential on surface with consideration of both bond charges (due polarization) free conduction). Two well-known limiting cases, perfectly conducting wall conditions recovered from...

Electrokinetic flow, due to a nearly plug-like velocity profile, is the preferred mode for transport of fluids (by electroosmosis) and species electrophoresis if charged) in microfluidic devices. Thus far there have been numerous studies on electrokinetic flow within variety microchannel structures. However, fluid behaviors at interface inlet reservoir (i.e., well that supplies species) are still largely unexplored. This work presents fundamental investigation induced charge effects entry...

Enhancing the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs) is essential for achieving sustainability in energy production. This study presents an innovative strategy that involves fine-tuning thickness bulk heterojunction (BHJ) photoactive layer at nanoscale to improve efficiency. The blend D18:L8-BO utilized capture a wide range photons while addressing challenge minimizing optical losses from low-energy photons. research incorporates SnO2 and ZnO as electron transport layers (ETLs), with PMMA...