Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have the potential to be one of cleanest and most efficient energy technologies for direct conversion chemical fuels electricity. Economically competitive SOFC systems appear poised commercialization, but widespread market penetration will require continuous innovation materials fabrication processes enhance system lifetime reduce cost. One early technical opportunity is minimization resistance oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at cathode, which contributes...

Coking is a major cause of performance degradation Ni-based anodes in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) powered by carbon-containing fuels. While modification Ni surfaces using thin coating BaO, BaZr0.9Y0.1O3–d (BZY), and BaZr0.1Ce0.7Y0.1Yb0.1O3–d (BZCYYb) was reported to alleviate the problem, mechanism yet be understood. In this study, situ Raman spectroscopy surface enhanced (SERS) are used probe chemistry BZY, BZCYYb. Analyses time-resolved spectral features C–C bonds, −OH groups, −CO3...

Silicon in the form of nanoparticles has attracted significant interest field lithium-ion batteries due to enormous capability lithium intake. In present work we demonstrate characterization silicon using small-angle neutron scattering and complementary microscopy elucidate structure changes through ball milling process with respect particle's functionality batteries. Small-angle is a unique method for analysis as an ensemble, providing information which often not accessible by conventional...

Silicon nitride, known as a convertible-type silicon-based anode material, has emerged promising alternative to pure Si anodes, featuring improved cyclic stability, rate performance, and kinetics. This study reports on the electrochemical properties of silicon nitride nanoparticles an material. It demonstrates that this outperforms in terms stability undergoes conversion during initial lithiation, forming matrix phase facilitates charge carrier transport enhances performance. As result,...

Fabricating electrochemical energy storage devices demands significant for drying cell components to ensure optimal performance. The development of new, water-tolerant materials would represent a tremendous advance in cost savings and sustainability. Although it is generally established that water deteriorates performance, there are few systematic studies on the maximum amount tolerable contamination, most employed electrolyte salt $\mathrm{LiPF_6}$, which inevitably decomposes upon exposure...

Abstract Information from ex situ characterization can fall short in describing complex materials systems simultaneously exposed to multiple external stimuli. Operando X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) was used probe the local atomistic and electronic structure of specific elements a La 0.6 Sr 0.4 Co 0.2 Fe 0.8 O 3− δ (LSCF) thin film cathode air contaminated with H 2 CO under operating conditions. While impedance showed that polarization resistance LSCF increased upon exposure both...

Here, we report our findings in exploring low-cost, additive, thermal spray processes suitable for large-scale manufacturing of PMS-SOFCs.

Amorphous silicon nanoparticles were synthesized through pyrolysis of silane gas at temperatures ranging from 575 to 675 °C. According the used temperature and concentration, two distinct types particles can be obtained: 625 °C, spherical with smooth surface a low degree aggregation, but higher (650 °C) lower extremely rough surfaces high aggregation are found. This demonstrates importance synthesis on morphology particles. The subsequently as active materials in lithium half cell...

Abstract Silicon (Si)‐based anodes have long been viewed as the next promising solution to improve performance of modern lithium‐ion batteries. However, poor cycling stability Si‐based impedes their application and calls for solutions further improvements. In present work, incorporation phosphate groups on surface an amorphous Si‐carbon composite (a‐Si/C) has achieved by a hydrothermal reaction using phosphoric acid sodium dihydrogen at pH = 2. Different levels P‐doping realized times (2, 4,...

The galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD) behaviour of silicon (Si) is known to depend strongly on morphology, cycling conditions and electrochemical environment. One common method for analysing GCD curves through differential capacity, but the data processing required necessarily degrades results. Here we present a extracting empirical information from delithiation step in Si at C-rates above equilibrium conditions. We find that function able quickly accurately determine best fit historical...

Emphasizing the university research center model, from 2009 to 2014 US Department of Energy (DOE) funded a first round over 40 Frontier Research Centers (EFRCs) spread out among 100 institutions. Early in its implementation, however, EFRC model received criticism scholars warning that arrangements EFRCs did not provide adequate governance structures for coordinating efforts. In this article, we seek begin answering call 'systematic and rigorous study implementation EFRCs' by studying sample...

Abstract The capability of battery materials to deliver not only high lithium storage capacity, but also the ability operate at charge/discharge rates is an essential property for development new batteries. In present work, influence on rate behaviour substoichiometric concentrations phosphorus (P) in silicon (Si) nanoparticles was studied. results revealed increase as a function P concentration between 0 and 5.2 %, particularly during delithiation. stoichiometry found strongly affect...

Carbon deposition on nickel anodes degrades the performance of solid oxide fuel cells that utilize hydrocarbon fuels. Nickel with BaO nanoclusters deposited surface exhibit improved by delaying carbon (i.e., coking). The goal this research was to visualize early stage and identify role play in coking resistance. Electrostatic force microscopy employed spatially map foils patterned nanoclusters. Image analysis reveals upon propane exposure initial occurs Ni at a distance from features. With...

Li-ion capacitors (LICs) are designed to achieve high power and energy densities using a carbon-based material as positive electrode coupled with negative often adopted from batteries. However, such adoption cannot be direct requires additional materials optimization. Furthermore, for the desired device’s performance, proper design of electrodes is necessary balance different charge storage mechanisms. The an intercalation or alloying active must provide rate performance long-term cycling...

Abstract Adding silicon (Si) to graphite (Gr) anodes is an effective approach for boosting the energy density of lithium‐ion batteries, but it also triggers mechanical instability due Si volume changes upon (de)lithiation reactions. In this work, component‐specific dynamics on Si‐rich (30 and 70 wt.% Si) SiGr at various charge/discharge C‐rates are unveiled compared a graphite‐only electrode (100Gr) via operando synchrotron X‐ray diffraction coupled with differential capacity plots analysis....

Abstract The state‐of‐art cathode materials PrBaCo 2 O 5+ δ (PBC) and La 0.4 Sr 0.6 Co 0.2 Fe 0.8 3− (LSCF) are mixed into a composite for intermediate‐temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT‐SOFCs). Analysis by X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD) scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrates that structure comprising single double perovskite is obtained upon sintering in air at 1000 °C. Possible chemical interdiffusion between PBC LSCF grains further investigated transmission combined with...

Liquid‐feed flame spray pyrolysis (LF‐FSP) of mixtures alumatrane [Al(OCH 2 CH ) 3 N]/zinc acetate dihydrate [Zn(O CCH ·2(H O)] or zinc propionate ]/aluminum acetylacetonate [Al(Acac) ] dissolved in EtOH known molar ratios can be used to combinatorially generate nanopowders along the ZnO–Al O tie‐line. LF‐FSP was produce (ZnO) x (Al 1− powders with =0–1.0. Powders were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission Fourier transform infrared, thermal...

Abstract Lithium‐ion capacitors (LICs) represent promising high‐power energy storage devices, most commonly composed of a lithium‐ion intercalation anode (e. g., graphite or hard carbon), supercapacitor activated carbon (AC) cathode, and an electrolyte with 1 M LiPF 6 in carbonate solvents. is susceptible to hydrolysis, forming HF, which leads challenges for disassembly recycling, risks during hazardous events, extensive consumption production. Here, we report on the feasibility replacing...