Thirty-seven pigs were used to evaluate the effects of age and weaning on level protease in gastric mucosa trypsin, chymotrypsin, amylase lipase pancreas. There was a positive allometry pancreas associated with solid diet. Increases total activity chymotrypsin. proteases due increases both tissue weight enzyme per gram tissue. A general depression pancreatic enzymatic activities, but not proteolytic activity, found during first week following weaning. Forty second trial diet same digestive...

A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of 3 different plant extracts on diarrhea, immune response, intestinal morphology, and growth performance weaned pigs experimentally infected with a pathogenic F-18 Escherichia coli (E. coli). Sixty-four (6.3 ± 0.2 kg BW, 21 d old) were housed in individual pens disease containment chambers for 15 d: 4 before 11 after first inoculation (d 0). Treatments 2 × factorial arrangement: or without an E. challenge (toxins: heat-labile toxin, heat-stable...

Certain plant extracts are bioactive substances of some foods or traditional herbs, known to possess antioxidant, antibacterial, and perhaps immunoregulatory effects. This study investigated the in vitro anti-inflammatory effects 7 (anethol, capsicum oleoresin, carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, garlicon, turmeric oleoresin) on porcine alveolar macrophages collected from weaned pigs (n = 6 donor pigs) by bronchoalveolar lavage. The experimental design for this assay was a 2 [with without 1...

A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of 3 different plant extracts on growth performance and immune responses weaned pigs experimentally infected with porcine reproductive respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). total 64 (7.8 ± 0.3 kg BW), free PRRSV, were randomly allotted 1 8 treatments in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement randomized complete block design. Pigs blocked by initial BW. Sex ancestry equalized across treatments. The first factor or without PRRSV challenge (intranasal dose;...

Daily feed intake during lactation was recorded for 20,296 lactating sows on 30 commercial farms in the United States. Each record categorized into one of six patterns: RAPID, rapid increase intake; MAJOR, major drop; MINOR, minor LLL, low throughout lactation; LHH, 1st wk then an remainder and GRADUAL, gradual increase. A database containing 24,340 farrowing records 19,015 subsequent litter were abstracted from PigCHAMP data files enrolled study. Multiple regression analyses revealed that...

A cooperative research study involving three experiments and 2,318 pigs was conducted at 12 stations to evaluate the protein (lysine) requirements of barrows gilts. The two sexes were penned separately fed fortified corn-soybean meal diets containing levels ranging from 12.0 17.2%. Lysine in these ranged .52 .90%. Protein Exp. 1 12, 14, 16%; 2, 13, 15, 3, they 13.2 15.2, Fat (5%) added one-half 3. Each station that participated contributed a minimum replicate pens per diet-sex combination...

Lactating, primiparous Landrace × Yorkshire sows were used to characterize LH secretion during lactation in that experienced an early ( < 9 d; n = 14) or late > 15 9) return estrous postweaning and evaluate the relationship between blood metabolites. Twenty-three fed one of nine corn-soybean meal diets achieve a matrix lysine (15 45 g/d) energy (6.5 16.5 Mcal ME/d) intakes range metabolite concentrations return-to-estrus intervals. Blood samples for analysis collected every min 6 h on d 0,...

Regression analysis was used to evaluate the effects of gilt age and body composition at first breeding on sow performance over three parities. Eighty-seven Yorkshire × Landrace F1 gilts were used. Variation in obtained by puberty, second, or third estrus providing those bred after puberty one four nutritional regimens from until breeding: 1) 2.7 kg/d a 14.3% CP, 3.5 Mcal ME/kg diet (H), 2) maintenance ME CP/d (M), 3) half-maintenance (½M), 4) M ½M anestrus, then 2.27 14.0% CP corn-soybean...

A cooperative research study involving members of a regional committee (North Central Regional Committee on Swine Nutrition [NCR-42]) was conducted to assess the variability in nutrient composition (DM, CP, Ca, P, Se, and amino acids) corn soybean meal from 16 sources (15 states, mostly Midwest) analytical assays among 22 laboratories (labs; experiment station labs six commercial labs). Corn samples were obtained each participating station's feed mill during 3-yr period (1989, 1990, 1992),...

Objectives: To analyze all known available data to determine whether a mannan oligosaccharide (Bio-Mos; Alltech, Inc, Nicholasville, Kentucky), provided as feed additive, improves the growth performance of nursery pigs, and what production factors influence existence or size that response. Materials methods: A combined analysis (meta-analysis) was performed using available, relevant in set based on published unpublished data. total 54 comparisons were made (pigs fed Bio-Mos no Bio-Mos). The...

This study created and used a data-base containing 25,719 farrowing 19,393 subsequent litter records abstracted from the PigCHAMP of 30 commercial farms daily feed intake 25,040 these lactating sows. Each lactation record was categorized into one six patterns: RAPID, rapid increase in following farrowing; MAJOR, major drop during lactation; MINOR, minor drop; LLL, low throughout LHH, first week then increasing for remainder GRADUAL, gradual lactation. At herd level, patterns GRADUAL were...

The objective of this study was to determine whether soybeans without the Kunitz trypsin inhibitor and lectins could be fed effectively young chicks pigs. Specifically, we compared growth performance pigs diets containing modified soybeans: inhibitor-free (KF), lectin-free (LF), lectin (LFKF), conventional (CSB), commercially obtained, dehulled, solvent-extracted soybean meal (SBM). A 7-d chick experiment conducted evaluate nutritional value CSB, KF, LF, LFKF, SBM. as a completely randomized...

Four experiments were conducted to determine the interactive effects of pharmacological amounts Zn from ZnO and Cu organic (Cu-AA complex; Cu-AA) or inorganic (CuSO(4)) sources on growth performance weanling pigs. The was fed for 4 (Exp. 1) 6 2, 3, 4) wk after weaning, 2 weaning. Treatments replicated with 7 pens 5 pigs per pen (19.0 ± 1.4 d age 5.8 0.4 kg BW, Exp. 1), 12 21 (about 5.3 2), (20.3 0.5 7.0 3), 16 5.7 4). In 1 Cu-AA (0 vs. 100 mg/kg Cu) 3,000 Zn) used in a × factorial...

Two experiments were conducted to determine whether 3 different clays in the nursery diet reduce diarrhea of weaned pigs experimentally infected with a pathogenic Escherichia coli. Weaned (21 d old) housed individual pens disease containment chambers for 16 [4 before and 12 after first challenge (d 0)]. The treatments factorial arrangement: 1) or without an E. coli (F-18 strain; heat-labile, heat-stable, Shiga-like toxins; 10(10) cfu/3 mL oral dose daily from 0) 2) dietary treatments. ADG,...

This study was conducted to characterize the effects of infection with a pathogenic F-18 Escherichia coli and 3 different plant extracts on gene expression ileal mucosa in weaned pigs. Weaned pigs (total = 64, 6.3 ± 0.2 kg BW, 21-d old) were housed individual pens for 15 d, 4 d before 11 after first inoculation (d 0). Treatments 2 × factorial arrangement: or without an E. challenge diets (a nursery basal, control diet [CON], 10 ppm capsicum oleoresin [CAP], garlic botanical [GAR], turmeric...

Thirty-six primiparous sows were assigned to one of five treatments designed mimic the lactation feed intake patterns observed in a previous study commercial farms: high energy (HHH) or low during each week 3-wk (LLL), reduced wk 1 (LHH), 2 (HLH) 3 (HHL). The metabolizable was either 16.5 (H) 6.5 (L) Mcal/d. Diets equal lysine, providing 45 g/d. HHH had shorter (P < .05) weaning-to-estrus interval (9 +/- 3.2 d) than LLL (23 3.5 d), HLH (22 and HHL (18 groups. LH pulse frequencies (d 14: 1.5...

Six experiments were conducted to evaluate the use of fat in diets containing a high level milk products for weanling pigs. In Exp. 1, 192 pigs (6.6 kg and 23 d) used determine whether (0 or 40%) diet influenced utilization 10%). No x product interactions found. Adding improved (P < .01) ADG, ADFI, gain/feed (G/F). did not influence performance. 2, 3, 4, 576 (6.0 20 on soybean oil (0, 6, 9%) from d 0 14 after weaning had no growth Increasing 6%) 35 ADG; however, G/F linearly .001). 5, 196...

The objective of this experiment was to compare the effects dietary mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) and a feed-grade antimicrobial (AM) on growth performance nursery pigs reared three different farms (A B were large-scale commercial farms, C located at Michigan State University). On all production continuous flow by building, but all-in/all-out room. Within each facility, in one Pigs (Farm A, n = 771, weaning age 18.4 d; Farm B, 576, 19.0 C, 96, 20.6 d) blocked (within farm) BW sex allotted...

A regional experiment was conducted at 8 stations, with a total of 320 sows initially, to evaluate the efficacy adding 13.35% ground wheat straw corn-soybean meal gestation diet for 3 successive gestation-lactation (reproductive) cycles compared fed control without straw. 708 litters were farrowed over reproductive cycles. The basal intake averaged 1.95 kg daily both treatments, plus 0.30 containing (total 2.25 kg/d). During lactation, all on treatments ad libitum standard lactation used...