A5050724602- Rice Cultivation and Yield Improvement
- Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Crop Yield and Soil Fertility
- Agricultural Science and Fertilization
- Agriculture, Soil, Plant Science
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Climate change impacts on agriculture
- Soil and Water Nutrient Dynamics
- Plant Micronutrient Interactions and Effects
- Water-Energy-Food Nexus Studies
- Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics
- Soil and Unsaturated Flow
- Irrigation Practices and Water Management
- Plant nutrient uptake and metabolism
- Plant responses to water stress
- Clay minerals and soil interactions
- Banana Cultivation and Research
- Agronomic Practices and Intercropping Systems
- Coffee research and impacts
- Coastal wetland ecosystem dynamics
- Genetics and Plant Breeding
- Phosphorus and nutrient management
- Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology
- Biological Control of Invasive Species
- Agroforestry and silvopastoral systems
International Rice Research Institute
2007-2018
Rice University
1998
Industrially produced N-fertilizer is essential to the production of cereals that supports current and projected human populations. We constructed a top-down global N budget for maize, rice, wheat 50-year period (1961 2010). Cereals harvested total 1551 Tg N, which 48% was supplied through fertilizer-N 4% came from net soil depletion. An estimated (737 Tg) crop equal 29, 38, 25 kg ha(-1) yr(-1) wheat, respectively, contributed by sources other than fertilizer- or soil-N. Non-symbiotic N2...
Conventional tillage and crop establishment methods such as puddled transplanting in the rice–wheat ( Oryza sativa L.– Triticum aestivum L.) system Indo‐Gangetic Plains (IGP) require a large amount of water labor, both which are increasingly becoming scarce expensive. We attempted to evaluate alternatives that would smaller amounts these two inputs. A field experiment was conducted IGP for 2 yr various systems their efficiency water, energy use economic profitability. The yields rice...
Soil organic matter (SOM) is essential for sustaining food production and maintaining ecosystem services a vital resource base storing C N. The impact of long-term use synthetic fertilizer N on SOM, however, has been questioned recently. Here we tested the hypothesis that application results in decrease SOM. We used data from 135 studies 114 experiments located at 100 sites throughout world over time scales decades under range land-management climate regimes to quantify changes soil carbon...
Soil C oxidized by neutral KMnO 4 , or permanganate‐oxidizable (POC), has been used as an index of labile several workers, although the nature organic (OC) not well elucidated. This study aimed to determine reactivity diverse compounds found in soil with judge reliability POC C. Sugars, amino acids, and other acids reacted slowly 33 m M (2–45% 1 h), while containing glycol groups (e.g., ascorbic acid pyrogallol) were quickly (25% min). Permanganate did oxidize cellulose, which is decomposed...
Major improvements in the productivity of rice ( Oryza sativa L.) and wheat Triticum aestivum have occurred South Asia since 1965–1966 when Green Revolution began. However, after 1980s, yield stagnated or declined. We analyzed grain trends, soil C, N, P, K status, P balances a 14‐yr rice–wheat experiment conducted at Punjab, India with 11 treatments comprised various combinations inorganic organic sources nutrients. Recommended levels were supplemented N through farmyard manure (FYM),...
Water regimes play a central role in regulating methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from irrigated rice field. Alternate wetting drying (AWD) is possible option, but there limited information on its feasibility under local environmental conditions, especially for tropical region. We therefore carried out 3-year experiment paddy field Central Java, Indonesia to investigate the of AWD terms productivity, greenhouse gas (GHG) emission, water use both wet dry seasons (WS DS). The...
South Asian countries will have to double their food production by 2050 while using resources more efficiently and minimizing environmental problems. Transformative management approaches technology solutions be required in the major grain-producing areas that provide basis for future nutrition security. This study was conducted four locations representing systems of densely populated regions Asia. Novel production-scale research platforms were established assess optimize three futuristic...
Alternate wetting and drying (AWD) is a water-saving irrigation technique in paddy field that can reduce the emission of methane, potent greenhouse gas (GHG). It being adopted to Asian countries, but different results are reported literatures on nitrous oxide emission, rice productivity under AWD. Therefore, local feasibility needs be investigated before its adoption by farmers. The current study carried out 3-year experiment an acid sulfate Prachin Buri, Thailand. During five crops (3 dry 2...
Major improvements in the productivity of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum have occurred South Asia since 1965–1966 when Green Revolution began. However, after 1980s, yield stagnated or declined. We analyzed grain trends, soil C, N, P, K status, P balances a 14-yr rice–wheat experiment conducted at Punjab, India with 11 treatments comprised various combinations inorganic organic sources nutrients. Recommended levels were supplemented N through farmyard manure (FYM),...
Low N use efficiency (NUE) continues to be a problem in the rice ( Oryza sativa L.)–wheat Triticum aestivum L.) cropping system. The leaf color chart (LCC)–based real‐time management can used optimize/synchronize application with crop demand or improve existing fixed split recommendations. We conducted field experiment during 2001–2003 at Modipuram, India, determine threshold LCC values for and wheat, assess need basal application, calibrate chlorophyll meter (SPAD), work out economics of...
The impacts of continuous applications an organic manure (farmyard [FYM], green [GM], and wheat straw [WS]) combined with inorganic fertilizers (N, P, K) on soil parameters productivity rice ( Oryza sativa L.)–wheat Triticum aestivum L.) systems were investigated in two long‐term experiments under conventional tillage Ludhiana, India, Bhairahawa, Nepal. Changes total labile C N, microbiological relative to unfertilized inorganically fertilized controls measured. Organic amendments had...
Vietnam is the world's fifth largest rice producing country. Since methane (CH4), a potent greenhouse gas (GHG), emission from cultivation accounts for 14.6% of national anthropogenic GHG emission, developing and disseminating mitigation options are urgent need. Alternate wetting drying (AWD) irrigation technique, in which paddy field encompasses several soil-drying phases during growth period, thereby reducing CH4 emission. However, trials AWD's feasibility Central limited so far. We...
A long-term experiment on combined inorganic fertilizers and organic matter in paddy rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation began May 1982 Yamagata, northeastern Japan. In 2012, after the 31st harvest, soil samples were collected from five fertilizer treatments [(1) PK, (2) NPK, (3) NPK + 6 Mg ha−1 straw (RS), (4) 10 compost (CM1), (5) 30 (CM3)], at depths (0–5, 5–10, 10–15, 15–20 20–25 cm), to assess changes carbon (SOC) content (C) decomposition potential, total nitrogen (TN) (N)...
This study comprises a comprehensive assessment, integration, and synthesis of data gathered from 3-year field experiment conducted at four sites in Southeast Asia, namely Hue, Vietnam; Jakenan, Indonesia; Prachin Buri, Thailand; Muñoz, Philippines, to assess the site-specific feasibility alternate wetting drying (AWD) as greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation option irrigated rice fields. AWD effectively reduced water use compared continuous flooding (CF) but did not significantly reduce grain...
Alternate wetting and drying (AWD) technique has been widely reported to reduce methane (CH4) emission from irrigated rice paddies. However, little is known about its feasibility in an environment that distinct weather conditions involving tropical wet season (WS). To investigate the AWD's terms of reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions both dry (DS) WS, 3-year field experiments were conducted Central Luzon, Philippines. Three treatments water management continuous flooding (CF), when...
Soil C oxidized by neutral KMnO4, or permanganate-oxidizable (POC), has been used as an index of labile several workers, although the nature organic (OC) not well elucidated. This study aimed to determine reactivity diverse compounds found in soil with KMnO4 judge reliability POC C. Sugars, amino acids, and other acids reacted slowly 33 mM (2–45% 1 h), while containing glycol groups (e.g., ascorbic acid pyrogallol) were quickly (25% min). Permanganate did oxidize cellulose, which is...