Soil health plays a crucial role in crop production, both terms of quality and quantity, highlighting the importance effective methods for preserving soil to ensure global food security. indices (SQIs) have been widely utilized as comprehensive measures function by integrating multiple physical, chemical, biological properties. Traditional SQI analysis involves laborious costly laboratory analyses, which limits its practicality. To overcome this limitation, our study explores use visible...

The chemical nature of soil organic nitrogen (N) is still poorly understood and one-third to one-half it typically classified as `unknown N'. Nitrogen K-edge XANES spectroscopy has been used develop a systematic overview on spectral features all major N functions in environmental samples. absolute calibration the photon energy was completed using 1s → π* transitions pure gas-phase N2. On this basis library provided for mineral N, nitro amino acids, peptides, substituted pyrroles, pyridines,...

The positive effect of soil organic matter (SOM) on crop yield has historically been attributed to the ability SOM supply crops with nitrogen and water. Whether management-induced increases in meaningfully supplement water received recent scrutiny, introducing uncertainty mechanisms by which benefits crops. Here, we posit that does not need increase a growth-limiting resource benefit crops; it only needs facilitate root access extant stocks. We highlight evidence for alleviate negative...

In the evolving field of digital soil mapping (DSM), determination sample size remains a pivotal challenge, particularly for large-scale regional projects. We introduced Jensen-Shannon Divergence (DJS), novel tool recently applied to DSM, determine optimal sizes 2790 km2 area in Ontario, Canada. Utilizing 1791 observations, we generated maps cation exchange capacity (CEC), clay content, pH, and organic carbon (SOC). then assessed sets ranging from 50 4000 through conditioned Latin hypercube...

Abstract Fire-derived organic matter, often referred to as pyrogenic matter (PyOM), is present in the Earth’s soil, sediment, atmosphere, and water. We investigated interactions of PyOM with ammonia (NH 3 ) gas, which makes up much reactive nitrogen (N) pool. Here we show that PyOM’s NH retention capacity under ambient conditions can exceed 180 mg N g −1 PyOM–carbon, resulting a material higher content than any unprocessed plant most animal manures. As weathered, increases sixfold, more half...

Abstract Ensuring turfgrass health through an effective fertilization program is crucial for stress tolerance and overall vigor. The use of organic fertilizers, in particular biosolids, has emerged as a promising alternative to mitigate the negative impacts associated with traditional inorganic fertilizers offer sustainable eco‐friendly approach maintaining health. objective this research was investigate potential biosolids sole or supplemental source fertilizer improve Two field trials were...

Reported rates of soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulation in wetlands are markedly higher over recent versus longer timescales, caused by SOC losses through decomposition, paleoenvironmental changes, and increases sedimentation or biomass production. Explaining changes sequestration determining the time horizon which high sustained both critical for accurately measuring potential wetland conservation as a natural climate solution. Here, we present analyses on 4-m core from riverine-influenced...

The transition from conventional soil mapping (CSM) to digital (DSM) not only affects the final map products, but it also concepts of scale, resolution, and sampling intensity. This is critical because in CSM approach, intensity intricately linked desired scale publication, which provided standardization sampling. case for DSM where sample size varies widely by project, design studies have largely focused on without due consideration size. Using a regional survey dataset with 1791 sampled...

Understanding soil organic carbon (SOC) stability is crucial given its influence on nutrient cycling and C storage. The biological chemical properties of SOC offer valuable insights into persistence retention capacity, understanding these can help evaluate sustainable land management practices. In this study, we link thermal to biodegradability using 108 samples collected from diverse ecological zones in Canada, New Zealand, Scotland. We used Rock-Eval (RE) pyrolysis for analysis assess...

Vegetation fires are known to have broad geochemical effects on carbon (C) cycles in the Earth system, yet limited information is available for nitrogen (N). In this study, we evaluated how charring organic matter (OM) pyrogenic OM (PyOM) altered N molecular structure and affected subsequent C mineralization. Nitrogen near-edge X-ray absorption fine (NEXAFS) of uncharred OM, PyOM, PyOM toluene extract, after extraction were used predict PyOM-C -N mineralization potentials. was produced from...

The absorbance spectra for air-dried and ground soil samples from Ontario, Canada were collected in the visible near-infrared (VIS-NIR) region 343 to 2200 nm. study examined thirteen combination of six preprocessing (1st derivative, 2nd Savitzky-Golay, Gap, SNV Detrend) method included 'prospectr' R package along with four modeling approaches: partial least square regression (PLSR), cubist, random forest (RF), extreme learning machine (ELM) prediction organic matter (SOM). 1st derivative +...

Abstract Agricultural management practices play a significant role in regulating the potential for soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration. The objective of this study was to determine effects cropping systems and tillage on chemistry thermal stability topsoil SOC long‐term field Ontario, Canada. system is based rotations including corn, alfalfa, cereals, soybeans red clover cover crop. Tillage conventional (moldboard plow, CT) conservation (no‐till, NT) were applied each system. A 130‐day...

The standard method of soft X-ray beamline calibration at the N K-edge uses nu = 0 peak transition gas-phase N(2). Interstitial N(2) gas trapped or formed within widely available solid-state ammonium- and amine-containing salts can be used for this purpose, bypassing measurements. Evidence from non-nitrogen-containing compounds (KH(2)PO(4)) He-purged ammonium suggest that production is through beam-induced decomposition. Compounds with nitrate nitrite as anions produce coincident features...

Microdosing, the point-source application of a reduced fertilizer rate within 10 days sowing, has increased short-term crop yields across Sahel and is being actively scaled up as an agronomic practice. However, there no information on long-term effects technique upon soil fertility. To rectify this, this study used samples from International Crop Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics in Sadore, Niger, to assess 16 years 15 kg N 4.4 P ha−1 compared unfertilized recommended 30 13.2 millet...

Summary Our goals in this study were to track the incorporation of plant residue into soil organic matter ( SOM ) and test effectiveness different fractionation methods evaluate transformation. We incubated amended with 13 C ‐labelled barley H ordeum vulgare L. used three based on size (> 250, 53–250, 5–53 < 5 µm) density (< 1.7 g cm −3 , i.e. light fraction (LF) determined its quantity rate loss or gain both these fractions as decomposition progressed. One method was only, another...