We determined racial/ethnic differences in social support and exposure to violence transphobia, explored correlates of depression among male-to-female transgender women with a history sex work (THSW).A total 573 THSW who worked or resided San Francisco Oakland, California, were recruited through street outreach referrals completed individual interviews using structured questionnaire.More than half Latina White participants depressed on the basis Center For Epidemiologic Studies Depression...

Research has demonstrated associations between experiences of discrimination, relationship quality, and mental health. However, critical questions remain unanswered with regard to how stigma enacted experienced at the dyadic-level influences quality health for transgender women their cisgender (nontransgender) male partners. The present study sought examine transgender-related discrimination (i.e., unfair treatment, harassment) real or anticipated fear rejection based on one's romantic...

Objectives. The authors examined HIV risk behaviors among African American, Asian/Pacific Islander (API), and Latina male-to-female (MTF) transgender persons in order to improve prevention programs. Methods. Individual survey interviews with MTF of color (n = 332; 112 Americans, 110 Latinas, APIs) were conducted. Results. Prevalence correlates receptive anal sex unprotected (URAS) varied by type partner (primary, casual, or commercial partners). URAS primary partners was associated drug use...

Transgender communities are among the groups at highest risk for HIV infection in United States. Using syndemic theory, we examine how transgender is embedded multiple co-occurring public health problems, including poor mental health, substance use, violence and victimization, discrimination, economic hardship. Although safer sex counseling testing programs essential platforms intervention, these modalities alone may be insufficient reducing new infections. Multicomponent interventions...

To explore the social context of drug use and sexual behaviours that put male-to-female (MTF) transgenders at risk for HIV, focus groups were conducted consisting African American, Latina Asian Pacific Islander MTF (N=48) who reside or work in San Francisco, California. Participants likely to report having unprotected sex with primary partners signify love emotional connection, as well receive gender validation from their partners. In contrast, viewing customers a business encouraged...

High prevalence of psychological distress, including greater depression, lower self-esteem, and suicidal ideation, has been documented across numerous samples transgender women attributed to high rates discrimination violence. According the gender affirmation framework (Sevelius, 2013), access sources gender-affirmative support can offset such negative effects social oppression. However, critical questions remain unanswered in regards how which aspects are related well-being. The aims this...

Abstract Issues and concerns among six directors, one counsellor consultant for transgender programmes in San Francisco are described. Additionally, 173 clients who were enrolled eight AIDS service organizations interviewed using a structured survey questionnaire. This study examined the relationships between HIV risk behaviours social cognitive factors transgendered females (male-to-female transgenders) (n=25) comparison with homosexual or bisexual males (n=122) heterosexual (n=26)....

Transgender women are at high risk for HIV, substance abuse, and mental health problems. We describe a promotion intervention program tailored to transgender in San Francisco. The creates safe space providing transgender-sensitive education about HIV reduction, abuse prevention, general promotion. educators conduct workshops make referrals appropriate treatment programs other services the community. Evaluation findings indicate that this community-tailored may be an effective way reach...

Research has demonstrated associations between reports of minority stressors and smoking behaviors among lesbian, gay, bisexual populations; however, little is known about how are related to cessation attempts transgender women. The purpose this study was twofold: (1) examine the transgender-based discrimination patterns a sample women; (2) identify barriers in women with history smoking. A community 241 completed one-time survey. Binary multinomial logistic regression models examined...

Despite evidence that interpersonal processes shape health behaviors, research concerning the dyadic effects of gender minority stressors on substance use behaviors transgender people is scarce. The objective this study was to analysis examine whether discrimination associated with among women and their male partners. Transgender partners (N=191 couples; N=382 individuals) completed questionnaires. Participants' mean age 37.1; 79.1% were racial/ethnic minority; 61.3% earned <$500 per-month....

It is urgent to develop efficacious HIV prevention programs curb the reported extremely high prevalence and incidence among transgender women (male-to-female persons) who reside in large cities USA. This study aimed describe unprotected receptive anal sex (URAS) insertive (UIAS) high-risk relation partner types, psychosocial factors, background variables. Based on purposive sampling from targeted communities AIDS service organizations San Francisco Oakland, a total of 573 had history work...

This study examined HIV‐related health risk behaviors–unprotected anal intercourse, alcohol intoxication, and drug use–and their association with stigma in a sample of transgender women. We conducted cross‐sectional survey 191 women recruited through purposive sampling San Francisco, CA. Unprotected illicit use were significantly intercorrelated, suggesting the presence “syndemic” among these behavioral risks. In multivariable analyses controlling for sociodemographic individual...

To improve health outcomes among transgender women of color living with HIV, the Health Resources and Services Administration's Special Programs National Significance program funded Enhancing Engagement Retention in Quality HIV Care for Transgender Women Color Initiative 2012. Nine demonstration projects four US urban areas implemented innovative, theory-based interventions specifically targeting their jurisdictions. An evaluation technical assistance center was to evaluate access care...

The purpose of this paper is to report on the use qualitative and quantitative research develop an HIV/AIDS education intervention for MTF transgenders. Findings revealed that transgenders have high prevalence adverse health outcomes such as HIV, substance use, psychological problems. color-African American, Latina, Asian Pacific Islanders-experience heightened risk due multiple stigmas associated with ethnicity gender identity. Based evidence need, we developed a series transgender-...

Based on combined methods, this study investigated substance use and HIV risk behaviors among kathoey sex workers (KSWs) in Bangkok, Thailand. The found that only half of the KSW participants reported having been tested for HIV, except one participant, all others had not seen health care providers past 12 months. About third engaged unprotected anal with customers six Almost alcohol use, as well under influence alcohol. prevalence marijuana ecstasy months was high (32 36%, respectively);...

Despite increasing need for HIV prevention research and intervention programs, the voices stories of Asian Pacific Islander men who have sex with (API MSM) remained absent from literature. Five focus groups API MSM (N = 38) were conducted to identify psychological, social, cultural factors related risk protection. Six themes identified based on group discussion: (a) dual-identity status, (b) coming out disclosure issues, (c) relationships dating, (d) substance use, (e) sexual reduction...

We examined the prevalence and correlates of HIV–related sexual risk substance use behaviors among Asian Pacific Islander (API) male–to–female (MTF) transgendered individuals, referred to here as API women. As part a larger study on HIV women color (Nemoto, Operario, Keatley, Han, & Soma, 2004), sample 110 in San Francisco completed individual interviews, which 13% reported being HIV-positive. In past 30 days, one fifth engaged unprotected receptive anal intercourse (URAI) with any male...

SUMMARY This article presents findings from an investigation of health needs, service utilization, and perceived barriers to services among male-to-female (MtF) transgender persons color in San Francisco. Focus groups (n = 48) survey interviews 332) were conducted with convenience samples recruited the community. Participants reported a range social needed during previous year, African-Americans Latinas showing particularly strong needs. Rates utilizing high for basic care but lower...

Transwomen of color are disproportionately impacted by HIV and may have worse health outcomes than other populations. This analysis was conducted to examine structural factors associated with poor among transwomen living in the San Francisco Bay Area (N = 159). Univariate multivariable analyses were determine if HIV-related outcomes. A majority participants Black or African American (110/159, 69.2%), 32 (20.1%) identified their primary race/ethnicity as Hispanic Latino/a Spanish, 17 (10.7%)...

This study quantitatively and qualitatively described HIV risk behaviors among Vietnamese female sex workers (FSWs) who work at three distinct venues in Ho Chi Minh City: street, massage parlors, bars/clubs. Although 35% of the participants had never been tested for HIV, 18% street 7% bar/club FSWs reported being positive. Almost all parlor used a condom oral sex. Inconsistent use vaginal with customers was more prevalent (85%) than (72%) (68%). Many difficulties negotiating because economic...