Vehicular networks are known for their dynamic topology, high mobility, and frequent disconnections. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been recently used as instant communication relays to bridge the gaps between terrestrial improve connectivity in vehicular overcome aforementioned problems. Despite existing work literature where each vehicle connects directly UAVs, this studies how clustering different densities of affect delay energy efficiency a UAV-based network integrated with 5G...

This study addresses the problems of energy and delay in wireless sensor networks equipped with mobile sinks. The authors jointly consider compressive sensing (CS) theory, cluster‐based routing, sink mobility to propose a data collection method named ‘weighted aggregation trees optimal sink(s) (WDAT‐OMS)’. proposed scheme relies on two‐level architecture which sensors are clustered at first level. WDAT‐OMS uses CS theory along load‐balanced route packets from corresponding cluster heads...

This paper deals with the problem of large-scale data collection in wireless sensor networks equipped multiple multi-interface mobile sinks. Employing sinks for leads to a trade-off between energy consumption and delay. We propose new algorithm called "Data Gathering Multi-interface Mobile Sink (DGM <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> S)" reduce both delay network. DGM S considers delays due sink mobility stopping receiving...

Summary This paper addresses the problems of relay selection, clustering, and routing to extend lifetime wireless body area networks. We first propose an efficient algorithm called “Energy‐aware Relay Selection Cluster‐based Routing (ERSCR)” develop a hybrid data aggregation tree in network. ERSCR has three phases, including clustering Cluster Head (CH) transmission. It divides biosensors into several clusters selects appropriate CH for each cluster. Each biosensor transmits its or node. The...

Summary This paper deals with the lifetime problem in Internet of Things. We first propose an efficient cluster‐based scheme named “Cuckoo‐search Clustering Two‐hop Routing Tree (CC‐TRT)” to develop a two‐hop load‐balanced data aggregation routing tree network. CC‐TRT uses modified energy‐aware cuckoo‐search algorithm fairly select best cluster head (CH) for each cluster. The applied makes CH role rotate between different sensors round by round. Subsequently, we extend present two methods...

Data gathering is one of the most popular energy-efficient routing protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). In this research, we introduce a Dynamic Balanced Spanning Tree (DBST) for data aggregation WSNs which considers several criteria to balance energy consumption between sensor nodes. A cost function presented can follow conditions network. It various factors such as distance, residual energy, and node weight also controls trade-off these factors. DBST not only minimizes maximum...

This paper deals with the problem of multicast/broadcast throughput in multi‐channel multi‐radio wireless mesh networks that suffer from resource constraints. We provide a formulation to capture utilization network resources and derive analytical relationships for network’s terms node utilization, channel number transmissions. Our model relies on on‐demand quality service sessions, where each admitted session creates unique tree specific bandwidth. As an advantage, derived are independent...

This paper addresses the problem of joint channel and rate selection for multicast routing trees in multi-radio multi-rate multi-channel wireless mesh networks. In this regard, we present an efficient link-layer algorithm named Interference Aware Joint Channel Rate Selection (IA-JCRS) to choose best transmission rates channels a given tree. The proposed scheme considers both inter-flow intra-flow interferences. It not only minimizes number transmissions, but also balances traffic load over...

Abstract This study explores seasonal fluctuations in water quality and phytoplankton communities within Karun-4 Dam Lake, the largest double-arch dam Middle East situated Iran. Employing a systematic approach, 26 sampling stations were strategically selected to collect surface samples at depth of 50 cm during midpoints each season throughout 2019. Significant variations parameters composition observed. Predominant species included Chrysophyceae (38%) Bacillariophyceae (32%), indicative...