Summary It is widely recognized that macroecological patterns are not independent of the evolution lineages involved in generating these patterns. While many researchers have begun to evaluate effect ancestor–descendant relationships on observed using phylogenetic comparative method, most studies only utilize cross‐sectional method ‘remove history’, without considering option evaluating its removing it. Currently, use this explicitly three fundamental evolutionary assumptions method: (i)...

ABSTRACT Salmonids play vital ecological and economic roles have been introduced to many regions worldwide. When not held captive in farms, they can be classified as free‐living salmonids, a group that includes native, feral, naturalized populations, well fish escaped from aquaculture facilities. Compared farmed knowledge of viral infections affecting populations remains limited, creating significant gap understanding the impacts interactions between natural ecosystems. To address this gap,...

Abstract Here, we review extensive information to estimate environmental risks from escaped non‐native salmonids based on the assessments of hazard , sensitivity and exposure discrete water bodies in Chile. In 2020, country harvested about 1 million tons net pens located along 1500 km highly biodiverse coastline. We base our analysis existing scientific authors' expert opinions including an assessment knowledge gaps uncertainties. Risks impacts differed by salmon species, being lowest for...

It has been proposed that Antarctic environments select microorganisms with unique biochemical adaptations, based on the tenet 'Everything is everywhere, but, environment selects' by Baas-Becking. However, this a hypothesis not extensively evaluated. This study evaluated fundamental prediction contained in hypothesis—in sense species are structured landscape according to their local habitats-, using as model phylogenetic diversity of culturable bacteria Fildes Peninsula (King George Island,...

Marine environmental variables can play an important role in promoting population genetic differentiation marine organisms. Although fjord ecosystems have attracted much attention due to the great oscillation of that produce heterogeneous habitats, species inhabiting this kind ecosystem received less attention. In study, we used Sprattus fuegensis, a small pelagic populates inner waters continental shelf, channels and fjords Chilean Patagonia Argentina, as model test whether relate...

The genetic structure of present-day populations has been highly affected by glacial periods and physical oceanographic forcing, particularly with respect to species distributions population gene-flow patterns. We assessed the current composition Jasus frontalis in southeastern Pacific Islands off coast Chile evaluate their connectivity modulated contemporary historic processes. Population demographical history for this were based on classic Bayesian approaches using 84 sequences cytochrome...

Abstract Although the degree of mate competition, given extreme differences in sex ratio, explains much pattern male-biased size dimorphism among diverse taxa, it fails for some species which have potential intense male competition mates and yet exhibit little or no sexual (SSD). This fact suggest that with low SSD should be express effect evolutionary pressure non-obvious geometrical shape promoted by ratio an time scale. To evaluate this hypothesis we used phylogenetic comparative method a...

Previous studies of population genetic structure in Dissostichus eleginoides have shown that oceanographic and geographic discontinuities drive this species differentiation. Studies focused on the genetics D . Southern Ocean; however, there is little knowledge their variation along South American continental shelf. In study, we used a panel six microsatellites to test whether shows structuring region. We hypothesized would show zero or very limited due habitat continuity shelf from Peru...

Insects in many species vary greatly the expression of secondary sexual traits, resulting dimorphism, which has been proposed to be a consequence differences selection. In this study, we analyze occurrence shape dimorphism and correlation between geometric body size males females sex ratio genus Ceroglossus (Coleoptera: Carabidae) using morphometrics randomization analysis. Our results show positive relationship centroid ratio. However, also observed trend maintain "similar" sexes due...

This communication informs that presence of the Chilean mussel, Mytilus chilensis (Hupe 1854) in coast Bay Concepcion (Chile) reported scientifi c literature is an erroneous identifi cation, being galloprovincialis (Lamarck 1819) right species. RESUMENEsta comunicación informa que la presencia de citada en literatura científi ca para costa Bahía Concepción no es correcta, siendo cación taxonómica válida.

At the macroevolutionary level, one of first and most important hypotheses that proposes an evolutionary tendency in evolution body sizes is "Cope's rule". This rule has considerable empirical support fossil record predicts size species within a lineage increases over time. Nevertheless, there also large amount evidence indicating opposite pattern miniaturization A recent analysis using single phylogenetic tree approach Bayesian based model found no for Cope's extant mammal species. Here we...

Abstract The Trachurus murphyi have been studied for population genetic structure decades, identifying only one large across the South Pacific Ocean. Although all these studies extensively examined spatial pattern, there remains a gap in understanding potential role of temporality. Our study aims to elucidate temporal and patterns T. populations Ocean, examining composition seasons, including feeding spawning where latter was not previously investigated. Using 10 microsatellite loci, our...

The diversity of free-living nematodes in the beaches two Antarctic islands, King George and Deception islands was investigated. We used morphological molecular (LSU, fragments SSU sequences) approaches to evaluate 236 nematodes. Specimens were assigned at least genera using morphology assessed for presence cryptic speciation. following identified: Halomonhystera, Litoditis, Enoploides, Chromadorita, Theristus, Oncholaimus, Viscosia, Gammanema, Bathylaimus, Choanolaimus, Paracanthonchus;...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility COI, mitochondrial DNA, for taxonomic determination soft-bottom benthic polychaetes in Chiloé Inner Sea as a particularly important zone polychaete fauna southeast Pacific.The results show high genetic differentiation between morphological species (posterior probabilities upper 0.9), and Onuphis pseudoiridescens showed greatest divergence (3.08 ± 0.08 S.D.).The support role COI gene useful molecular marker fast accurate polychaetes.This leads...

Numerous self-sustaining naturalized or introduced populations of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) are widely distributed throughout the freshwaters southern Chile. In this study, analysis mitochondrial DNA control region (CR) marker was conducted to investigate level genetic divergence among and their phylogenetic relationships with respect native lineages. This information provided a framework interpret structure origin that shaped during historical introduction efforts. To end, we...

The Patagonian sprat, Sprattus fuegensis, is a small pelagic marine fish that inhabits the continental shelf along coasts of Chilean and Argentina, distribution was highly impacted during Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). In order to identify how LGM played role on current observed genetic diversity population structure S. we analyzed 1438 nucleotide positions from control region 335 individuals collected at 12 sites across its distribution. Genetic differentiation indices were calculated...

Abstract Partial migration is a key adaptive strategy, increasingly observed across multiple taxa. To investigate partial and life-cycle diversity of Merluccius australis in northwestern Patagonia, we analysed isotopic (δ13C, δ18O) elemental (11B, 23Na, 24 Mg, 55Mn, 86Sr, 138Ba) compositions otoliths from juveniles, sub-adults, adults to identify nursery origins, habitats used, migratory behaviours cohorts (1990–2005). Influence early size upon was assessed by comparing back-calculated sizes...

Patagonia is an understudied area, especially when it comes to population genomic studies with relevance fishery management. However, the dynamic and heterogeneous landscape in this area can harbor important but cryptic genetic structure. Once such information revealed, be integrated into management of infrequently investigated species.

Estimating genetic diversity and population structure with polymorphic markers might provide information for the better management of fish that have economic importance. We used Chilean jack mackerel, Trachurus murphyi, a pelagic species distributed in south Pacific Ocean, to test across its distribution. A total 522 samples were collected from 11 locations 2008, be analyzed using six loci microsatellites. conducted traditional analyses describe T. murphyi whether it shows spatial structure....