Electromagnetic wire is the carrier of energy and signal transmission. With rapid development in aerospace, atomic energy, other industrial fields, there an increasing demand for high-temperature-resistance electromagnetic wires. In using traditional wires, it difficult to meet current temperature-resistance requirements. Therefore, high-temperature-resistant has extremely important application value. this paper, wires are divided into organic insulated organic-inorganic composite inorganic...

The specific heat capacities (Cp) of four absorbents (1,1,3,3-tetramethlylguanidinium lactate, monoethanolammonium betaine-ethylene glycol, and l-carnitine-ethylene glycol), which can chemically absorb sulfur dioxide (SO2) with low concentrations, were measured by a Calvet BT 2.15 calorimeter in temperature range 318.15 K–363.15 K. as function correlated second-order empirical polynomial equation. result indicates that the equation accurately fit capacities. All increase increasing...

Micro-arc oxidation (MAO) is a promising technology for enhancing the wear resistance of engine cylinders by growing high hardness alumina ceramic film on surface light aluminum cylinders. However, positive and negative pulse coordination, voltage characteristic signal, distribution characteristics film, their internal mechanism during growth process are still unclear. This paper investigates synergistic effect cathodic anodic current behaviour alumina, dynamic micro-arc film. Ceramic...

A printed circuit board (PCB) assembly task requires that a set of components be picked from their respective pickup locations and then placed at placement on the card being assembled. pick-and-place robot is used for automated PCB's. The overall time depends two different decision variables: (i) (in general there are several alternative available, whereas location fixed determined by assembled), (ii) sequence in which performed. In this paper, we develop technique based integer programming...

The objective of this paper is to determine the high-current vacuum arc mode transition diagram a horseshoe-type axial magnetic field (AMF) contact with long gap. Drawn experiments were carried out in an L-C discharging circuit. Horseshoe-type contacts material CuCr50 and diameter 120 mm arranged demountable chamber. Full gap was 60 mm. experiment current level ranged from 4 40 kA, stepped by kA. Prospective arcing time set as 2, 5, 9 ms, respectively. evolution behavior observed using...

Post-arc breakdowns of vacuum circuit breakers during capacitive operation can be possibly caused by particles. In this work, we experimentally observe the generation and dynamics particles in interruptions their resultant effects on post-arc breakdowns. We further constructed a synthetic test for current switching adopted laser-shadow technique to behaviors particles, formed different electrode materials inrush currents. CuCr10 electrodes tend generate with high probability quantity, owing...

The direct-drive type high-torque-density motor is one of the most promising solutions electric propulsion for aircraft. cogging torque causes ripple, vibration, and noise, which seriously affect stability reliability system In this paper, a novel dual-rotor radial flux permanent magnet synchronous (DRPMSM) proposed, its weakened by shape design pole-arc coefficient combination. An eccentric chamfered influence distance chamfer angle on clarified. Through combination inner outer rotors...

The distribution and dissipation of neutral atoms are crucial for understanding the dielectric recovery process after interrupting direct current (DC) vacuum arcs. This article aims to investigate copper a forced extinction arc experimentally, adopting plane laser-induced fluorescence method. change in 2-D with time is presented. results show that magnetic fields, axial field (AMF), transverse (TMF) have limited effect on initial density atoms. For both AMF TMF, atom densities at zero (CZ)...

The objective of this paper is to determine optimal contact parameters a 126 kV horseshoe type axial magnetic field (AMF) vacuum interrupter. By combination three design methods, including experiment (DOE) method, finite elements method and statistical analysis the AMF characteristics contacts were determined by single factor orthogonal regression analysis. Four optimized chosen as follows: Outer diameter iron plate (d), difference between outer inner (s), height plates group (h) slot angle...

Switching shunt capacitor banks is a challenging task for vacuum circuit breakers (VCBs). The objective of this article to experimentally investigate the prestrike characteristics single-break VCBs with cup-type axial magnetic field (AMF) contacts and spiral-type transverse (TMF) under inrush current conditions in four ways. These aspects are: gap probability distributions, interruption phenomena, electric field, contact erosion. erosion represented by enhancement factor <inline-formula...

The objective of this paper is to optimize a 3/4 coil-type axial magnetic field (AMF) contact design used for 126 kV vacuum interrupter. Through central composite and finite element calculation, characteristics loop resistance the system with various parameters were obtained. Four including coil width w, height h, air gap between coils s, slot length l chosen as optimized parameters. optimization objectives follows: maximum flux density at current peak B, area ratio "effective region" λ,...

The objective of this paper is to determine arcing contact gap a 126-kV horseshoe-type bipolar axial magnetic field vacuum interrupter. Drawn arc experiments were carried out in demountable vacuum. Experimental current ranged from 12to 40-kA rms. Based on the behavior, minimum D1 and maximum D <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> defined. When average opening speed within 20 mm (ν...

Phase separation markedly influences the physical properties of hydrogels. Here, we find that poly (N, N-dimethylacrylamide) (PDMA) hydrogels suffer from phase in aqueous sodium hydroxide solutions when concentration is higher than 2 M. The polymer volume fraction and mechanical show an abrupt change around transition point. We utilize this mechanism to synthesize tough magnetic PDMA with in-situ precipitation method. For comparison, also prepared (2-acrylamido-2-methyl-propane sulfonic acid...

The objective of this paper is to determine the arcing contact gap for a 126 kV horseshoe type bipolar axial magnetic field (AMF) vacuum interrupter. A pair contacts with material CuCr50 was arranged in demountable chamber. Movable driven by spring permanent actuator. full 60 mm. Arc current reached up 40 kA rms, and arc duration set as 9ms. Evolution behaviors observed high-speed digital camera. long maximum above which arcs cannot be controlled AMF. short minimum below are constrict....

A printed circuit board (PCB) assembly task requires that a set of components be picked from their respective pickup locations and then placed at placement on the card being assembled. An automated machine consists robotic arm which performs such an task. The overall time depends two different decision variables: (i) components, (ii) sequence in is performed. In this paper we develop technique based integer programming to determine optimal values both variables. Since computationally...

The evolution processes of vacuum breakdowns in single- and double-break interrupters are reported this paper, order to reveal the formation mechanisms for conductive channels arcs. Breakdown experiments two containing 10-30 mm gaps with single-break studied. light emission during is observed by an intensified charge coupled device camera, current voltage waveforms being recorded simultaneously. According results, there no difference between small large gaps. establishment channel sustaining...

Extensive attempts have been made to enable the application of deep learning 3D plasma reconstruction. However, due limitation on number available training samples, learning-based methods insufficient generalization ability compared traditional iterative methods. This paper proposes an improved algorithm named convolutional neural network-maximum likelihood expectation maximization-split-Bergman (CNN-MLEM-SB) based combination CNN and known as MLEM-SB. method uses prediction result a initial...

The objective of this paper is to determine minimum arcing interruption performance a 126 kV single-break vacuum circuit breaker with 3/4 coil-type axial magnetic field (AMF) contacts. full contact gap was 50 mm. A spring type mechanism used provide an average opening velocity 3.0 m/s within 20 mm after contacts separation. Test duty T100s experiment rated short current 40 kA rms carried out by using injection synthetic test method. results showed that the time determined as 4.8 ms....

Abstract Vacuum arc extinction directly determines the plasma distribution at current zero point, which affects post-arc insulation recovery. In that regard, studying process to improve recovery ability is of great significance. process, as decreases, cathode spots are extinguished and their exhibits apparent discreteness asymmetry, while density decays drastically. On one hand, makes simulation setup regarding whole surface a continuous emission source no longer applicable. other drastic...

The multibreak vacuum circuit breaker uses multiple short gaps to interrupt the fault current, greatly improving dielectric strength, and is a viable method realize high-voltage interruption. metal vapor distribution near current zero crucial for recovery process in breaker. Due complicated construction interaction between breakers, arc inevitably deviates from axisymmetric during interruption process. traditional diagnosis limited 0D or 1D not sufficient study real of zero. To address these...

With the increasing demand for resilient capacity of transformers in high-proportion renewable energy grids, overload and thermal conductivity winding insulation materials have been put forward as important requirements. In response to these requirements, a novel ceramic high temperature tolerance is proposed this paper applied insulated transformer. A combination simulation experimentation used analyze thermal-flow characteristics The flow field distribution with both methods (ceramic Nomex...