It has been a challenge to design an optical see-through head-mounted display (OST-HMD) that wide field of view (FOV) and low f-number (f/#) while maintaining compact, lightweight, nonintrusive form factor. In this paper, we present OST-HMD using wedge-shaped freeform prism cemented with lens. The prism, consisting three surfaces (FFSs), serves as the near-eye viewing optics magnifies image displayed through microdisplay, lens is auxiliary element attached in order maintain nondistorted...

Small thickness and light weight are two important requirements for a see-through near-eye display which achieved in this paper by using advanced technologies: geometrical waveguide freeform optics. A major problem associated with the is stray can severely degrade quality. The causes solutions to thoroughly studied. mathematical model of established non-sequential ray tracing algorithm developed, enable us carefully examine planar explore global searching method find an optimum design least...

We present the design and implementation of an optical see-through head-mounted display (HMD) with addressable focus cues utilizing a liquid lens. implemented monocular bench prototype capable addressing focal distance from infinity to as close 8 diopters. Two operation modes system were demonstrated: vari-focal plane mode in which accommodation cue is addressable, time-multiplexed multi-focal both retinal blur can be rendered. further performed experiments assess depth perception eye...

We present a concept of wide-angle, lightweight, optical see-through head-mounted display (HMD) using free-form optics tiling. Free-form tiling can potentially address several critical problems in existing tiled HMD designs that use rotationally symmetric optics. The design our achieves field view (FOV) 56° × 45° and an angular resolution 3.2 arcmin with two channels. demonstrate proof-of-concept prototype some its manufacturing details. FOV be further enlarged by more channels together at...

Virtual reality head-mounted displays (VR-HMDs) are crucial to Metaverse which appears be one of the most popular terms have been adopted over internet recently. It provides basic infrastructure and entrance cater for next evolution social interaction, it has already widely used in many fields. The VR-HMDs with traditional aspherical or Fresnel optics not suitable long-term usage because image quality, system size, weight. In this study, we designed developed a large exit pupil diameter...

Augmented reality head-mounted displays (AR-HMDs) based on diffractive waveguides have been a challenging and rewarding research topic focusing near-eye displays. The size of the exit pupil uniformity image illuminance are two important factors that affect display performance waveguide. In this paper, novel method for optimizing high two-dimensional (2D) waveguide is proposed. A straight-line 2D surface relief grating (SRG) with divided regions designed. An evaluation model energy...

Abstract Since the invention of holography by Dennis Gabor, fabrication holograms has mainly relied on direct recording wavefront engraving intensity fringes interfering electric fields into holographic material. The degree-of-freedom (DoF) is often limited, especially for its usage as a optical element in imaging or display systems, what recorded to use. In this work, based emerging self-assembled photo-aligned liquid crystal, polarization hologram with full DoF local manipulation structure...

Most existing stereoscopic head mounted displays (HMDs), presenting a pair of images at fixed focal distance, lack the ability to correctly render naturally coupled accommodation and convergence cues. Psychophysical studies have shown that such may cause many adverse consequences as visual fatigue, diplopic vision, degraded oculomotor response, depth perception errors. In this paper, we present see-through HMD with addressable planes utilizing novel active optical element - liquid lens. The...

Free-form surfaces (FFSs) provide more freedom to design an optical system with fewer elements and hence reduce the size weight of overall than rotationally symmetric surfaces. In this paper, see-through (OST), head-mounted display (HMD) consisting a free-form, wedge-shaped prism free-form lens is designed fabricated through injection molding method. The for projection field-of-view (FOV) 36°; cemented achieve FOV 50°. are expanded at edge area during stage in order effects surface...

Compactness and light weight, large exit pupil diameter distance, small distortion for virtual image, see-through paths are pivotal factors to achieve a better, wearable experience of optical head-mounted displays (OST-HMDs). In addition, efficiency the image path is an important factor heat dissipation in HMD devices. This paper presents new type OST-HMD system that includes three wedge-shaped freeform prisms two symmetric lenses. Based on 0.71 in. microdisplay, prototype with diagonal...

Augmented reality near-eye display (AR-NED) technology has attracted enormous interests for its widespread potential applications. In this paper, two-dimensional (2D) holographic waveguide integrated simulation design and analysis, optical elements (HOEs) exposure fabrication, prototype performance evaluation imaging analysis are completed. the system design, a 2D AR-NED with miniature projection is presented to achieve larger eye box expansion (EBE). A method controlling luminance...

Using a freeform optical surface can effectively reduce the imaging system weight and volume while maintaining good performance advanced specifications. But it is still very difficult for traditional design when ultra-small or ultra-few elements are required. Considering images generated by be recovered digital image processing, in this paper, we proposed method of compact simplified off-axis systems using optical-digital joint process, which fully integrates geometric recovery neural...

It is difficult to design and fabricate a head-up display (HUD) with large asymmetric field of view (FOV) while maintaining good image quality. In this paper, we develop such holographic HUD system. To improve luminance enhance the environmental adaptability HUD, use liquid crystal high brightness as well reflection element. The vertical FOV tilted an angle −7°, which consistent actual pilot. decentration tilt optical relay system effectively compensate for distortion off-axis aberration due...

A new type of light field display is proposed using a head-mounted (HMD) and micro structure array (MSA, lens or pinhole array).Each rendering point emits abundant rays from different directions into the viewer's pupil, at one time dense generated inside exit pupil HMD through eyepiece.Therefore, method not only solves problem accommodation convergence conflict in traditional HMD, but also drastically reduces huge data real three-dimensional (3D) display.To demonstrate method, prototype...

In this paper, we propose a novel method to construct an optical see-through light-field near-eye display (OST LF-NED) by using discrete lenslet array (DLA). The DLA is used as spatial light modulator (SLM) generate dense field of three-dimensional (3-D) scenes inside the user's eyebox system and provide correct focus cues user. A corresponding image rendering also proposed demonstrated. emitted from real objects passes through transparent region panel planar area successively without...

Control of the optical fields laser beams, i.e., beam shaping, is great importance to many applications. Freeform optics offers plenty advantages for complex shaping requirements, including precise control, energy efficiency, compact structure, and relatively low cost. We present a modified ray-mapping method simplify freeform design complicated field control achieve challenging task producing two prescribed profiles on successive target planes. This begins by calculating an approximate...

It has been a challenge to design an optical see-through head-mounted display that is compact, lightweight, and stray-light-suppressed by using freeform optics. A new type of based on prisms presented. The system consists three elements micro-display. Two serve as near-eye viewing optics magnify the image displayed micro-display, other lens auxiliary element attached main wedge-shaped prism provide undistorted view real-world scene. overall thickness does not exceed 9.5 mm, weight less than...

The development of color routers (CRs) realizes the splitting dichromatic components, contributing to modulation photon momentum that acts as information carrier for optical technology on frequency and spatial domains. However, CRs with stimulation lack active control at deep subwavelength scale because diffraction limit. Here, we experimentally demonstrate an manipulation a via electron-induced CRs, where radiation patterns are manipulated by steering electron impact position within 60 nm...

Waveguides are becoming increasingly popular in the field of near-eye display because their low thickness and light weight. However, ghost stray generated waveguide double-image problem caused by parallelism precision seriously degrade quality. In this study, causes investigated, an effective solution is proposed, a coupling-in structure designed to suppress light. The Monte Carlo tolerances on errors based visual acuity for two substrates partially reflective mirror array (PRMA)...

In this paper, we propose a framework of starting points generation for freeform reflective triplet using back-propagation neural network based deep-learning. The is trained various system specifications and the corresponding surface data obtained by evolution as set. Good specific further optimization can be generated immediately in general. feasibility design process validated designing Wetherell-configuration off-axis triplet. amount time human effort well dependence on advanced skills...

The direct formulation of a freeform optical surface for producing prescribed irradiance from point source is very complicated. Instead directly determining the surfaces, we derive general equation parameterized outgoing wavefront, regardless structure element. A separate process employed to construct optics following solution wavefront equation. We iteratively revise and accordingly update improve performance. new method combines two features: (i) formula derivation simplified, (ii) it...