High temperatures during maize ( Zea mays L.) pollinatiou are known to result in poor kernel set, but little is of the direct effects temperature on pollen germination. The purpose this research was determine how vitru germination different genotypes affected by high stress anthesis. Tassels from field‐grown plants were excised at beginning anthesis, placed water and transferred growth chambers maintained daytime 27, 32, 38 C. Nighttime 6 C cooler. In vitro measured after 24 48 hours chamber...

Moisture stress during pollination of maize (Zea mays L.) can greatly reduce kernel set, yet little quantitative information is available on the effects plant water status male and female floral development. The purpose this study was to establish different drought regimes measure synchronization development, pollen viability, diurnal silk elongation rates. Single cross hybrids were field‐grown in large pots exposed soil moisture treatments at time tassel emergence. Compared well‐watered...

Although soluble carbohydrates and carbohydrate solubility may sound synonymous, they, in fact, are not when one considers their influence upon the fermentation rumen. The former refers to a restricted class of specified whereas latter portrays characteristic any or group that often can be modified by pll concentration as well chemical, physical, microbial processing techniques. As such, becomes more critical discussion effects on non-protein nitrogen (NPN) utilization. This review is no way...

The relative importance of leaf orientation, planting densities, patterns, and tassel shading on grain production certain maize ( Zea mays L.) genotypes was investigated. Three experiments were conducted over a 4‐year period to ascertain the effect angle yield percentage unproductive plants in several hybrids. A plant‐density experiment using normal, liguleless‐l, liguleless‐2 types at densities 60,000, 75,000, 90,000 plants/ha 50.8 cm row spacings 3‐year period. hybrids produced 6.7% 12.9%...

Abstract Because dry conditions most frequently occur during the second half of growing season, yield loss to be expected and physiological mechanisms that cause need understood in grain crops. In order study this problem, objective research was withhold water from field‐grown maize ( Zea mays L.) filling stage determine relative effects drought on photosynthesis translocation. Located bordered field plots, plants were grown large pots arranged 75‐cm row widths at a density 40,770 plants/ha....

Abstract Plant water deficits affect many metabolic processes, and soybean ( Glycine max L. Merr.) is subject to during midday even when soil adequate under field conditions. Our objective was determine if yield improvement by plant breeding has been associated with avoidance of these in soybean. A 3‐ year experiment conducted on highly productive soils central Illinois two maturity groups each represented four cultivars. The cultivars had released between 1911 1968 the USA. Soil...

A comparison of in vivo with vitro cellulose fermentation by rumen micro-organisms was undertaken, based on rate (as measured volatile fatty acid production and the nylon bag technique), quantitative identification end-products microscopic examination bacteria. The rates digestion fermentations were similar under conditions used these experiments. Gram-negative micrococci, which found large numbers vivo, proliferated purified cellulose. When mixed hay as a substrate both vitro, could be...

Two trials were conducted to determine the influence of roughage level and corn processing method on efficiency nitrogen (N) utilization by beef steers fed high concentrate rations. In trial 1, abomasally cannulated rations containing whole shelled (WSC) with cottonseed hull (CSH) levels 0, 7, 14 21% in 2, contained steam flaked (SF) dry rolled (DR) 0 CSH levels. Lignin was used as a marker for determination digesta passage through abomasum. grams microbial protein synthesized per 100 g...

‘Dickson’ barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) and ‘Era’ wheat Triticum aestivum were grown in a growth chamber 25‐cm diameter ✕ 29‐cm deep plastic pots. Starting 7 days after the spike emerged from flag leaf sheath, water was withheld for up to days, during which time potentals fell as low −33 bars. Rates of net photosynthesis transpiration both leaves awned spikes decreased linearly with decreasing potential. Net reached zero each species when potentials −31 Flag at −28 bars wheat, linear...

Field canopies of two semi‐dwarf wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes were subjected to water stress that caused visible wilting during the grain filling stage determine distribution photosynthesis within and pattern translocation labeled assimilates following 14 CO 2 uptake. The treatment a 14% reduction in kernel weight 20% yield compared control plants. Plants plots exposed at 12, 16, 23 days after heading. During this time, severity increased on plots. Under stress, site tended shift...

Ruminal production and interchange rates of volatile fatty acids (VFA) were measured for steers fed corn grain in the whole or ground form. Liquid turnover rate was 29% greater (P less than .10) with On a molar basis (mol/100 mol), ruminal concentrations propionate lower while those butyrate, 3-methyl valerate caproate diets. Acid differences followed similar trends de novo butyrate being seven times irreversible loss three Conversion acetate to about 70% This conversion far exceeded other...

A 4 × latin square design was employed to study the site and extent of starch digestion in steers fed processed corn grain. Steers fitted with permanent rumen abomasal cannulae were a 78% ration (DM basis). Corn by 1) dry rolling (DR), 2) steam flaking (SF), 3) high moisture harvesting-ground prior ensiling (GHM) 4) harvesting-whole treated propionic acid storage (AHM). Digestion matter, organic matter starch, ruminally post ruminally, determined lignin ratio technique. Ruminal...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness a tissue marker clip in patients undergoing preoperative chemotherapy for breast carcinoma.Between June 1996 and July 1998 (26 months), placed 29 with carcinoma who showed significant clinical response chemotherapy. In these patients, 13 clips were stereotactically 16 using sonographic guidance. A retrospective review cases made helpfulness during needle localization.One patient relocated another city, so surgical follow-up available...

Changes in ruminal pH, VFA and ciliate protozoa concentrations were observed as steers adapted from all-forage to all-grain diets. In trials 1, 2 3, four, 47 eight for 15-, 21- 28-day periods, respectively, all-concentrate diets composed of either whole shelled corn or various proportions wheat plus supplement. During trial total concentration molar isoacids did not change (P<.05). Acetate decreased (P>.05) 74 moles/100 moles on day 0 50 12, while propionate increased 15 24 over the same...

Microbial protein production and nutrient digestibility were measured using 275 kg steers, fitted with permanent rumen abomasal cannulas, fed low quality roughage soybean meal (SBM) or SBM plus urea supplement. The 5 daily feed consisted of ground weathered range grass (nitrogen .5%) nitrogen Urea replaced 0, 25, 50 75% the supplemental nitrogen. Ground milo was added to make all rations isocaloric isonitrogenous. Steers hourly an automatic feeding system maintain a constant flow digesta....

The influence of roughage level and corn processing method on the site extent digestion dry matter (DM), organic (OM), cellulose starch was studied using four Hereford steers fitted with ruminal abomasal cannuiae in a 4 × latin square design. Corn fed steam flaked (SFC) or rolled (DRC) at levels (cottonseed hulls) 0 21% 2 factorial arrangement treatments. Lignin used as marker for calculation digestibilities. Ruminal DM digestibilities were about 13 percentage units higher (P<.01) rations...

Chopped corn plant material was mixed with 0, 4, 8 and 12% (D.M. basis) HEF-fat (partially hydrolyzed animal vegetable fat) or 4 8% oil ensiled in plastic bags. All mixtures were made without 1% limestone. The silages fed to sheep digestibility intake trials steers trials. addition of fat did not alter the silage fermentation. With treated silages, dry matter, organic matter cellulose 4% significantly (P<.05) lower than those for control but different from control. highest fat-1% limestone...