In this paper, we present a new scenario of direction arrival (DOA) estimation using massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) receive array with low-resolution analog-to-digital convertors (ADCs), which can strike good balance between performance and circuit cost. Based on the linear additive quantization noise model (AQNM), effect ADCs methods, such as Root-MUSIC method, is analyzed. Also, closed-form expression Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) derived to evaluate loss caused by ADCs. The...

To improve the localization precision of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), a novel framework is established by jointly utilizing multiple measurements received signal strength (RSS) from base stations (BSs) and points on trajectory. First, joint maximum likelihood (ML) exploiting both trajectory information multi-BSs proposed. reduce its high complexity, two low-complexity methods are designed. The first method BS to (BST), called LCSL-BST. fixing nth BS, along trajectory, position UAV computed...

High hardware cost and high power consumption of massive multiple-input multiple output (MIMO) are two challenges for the future wireless communications including sixth generation (6G). Adopting low-resolution analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is viewed as a promising solution. Additionally, direction arrival (DOA) estimation an indispensable technology beam alignment tracking in MIMO systems. Thus, this letter, performance DOA with mixed-ADC structure firstly investigated. The Cramér-Rao...

To reduce the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) loss of analog directional modulation (DM) with finite radio frequency (RF) phase shifters (PSs), a hybrid and digital (HAD) DM mixed PSs is proposed. Using law large numbers, closed-form expressions SINR performance (PL), secrecy rate (SR), bit error (BER) are derived. In accordance expression loss, it clear that PL at desired receiver (Bob) gradually decreases as fraction <inline-formula...

Due to the power consumption and high circuit cost in antenna arrays, practical application of massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) sixth generation (6G) future wireless networks is still challenging. Employing low-resolution analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) hybrid analog digital (HAD) structure two low-cost choices with acceptable performance loss. In this paper, combination mixed-ADC architecture HAD employed at receiver proposed for direction arrival (DOA) estimation, which...

Different from conventional reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS), simultaneous transmitting and reflecting RIS (STAR-RIS) can reflect transmit signals to the receiver. In this paper, serve more ground users increase deployment flexibility, we investigate an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) equipped with STAR-RIS (STAR-RIS-UAV)-aided wireless communications for multi-user networks. Energy splitting (ES) mode switching (MS) protocols are considered control reflection transmission...

For a passive direction of arrival (DOA) measurement system using massive multiple input output (MIMO), it is mandatory to infer whether the emitter exists or not before performing DOA estimation operation. Inspired by detection idea from radio and ranging (radar), three high-performance detectors are proposed existence single eigen-space sample covariance matrix receive signal vector. The first test statistic (TS) defined as ratio maximum eigen-value (Max-EV) minimum (R-MaxEV-MinEV) while...

The angle of arrival (AOA) is widely used to locate a wireless signal emitter in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) localization. Compared with received strength (RSS) and time (TOA), AOA has higher accuracy not sensitive the synchronization distributed sensors. However, there are few works focusing on three-dimensional (3-D) scenarios. Furthermore, although maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) relatively high performance, its computational complexity ultra-high. Therefore, it hard employ practical...

As an excellent aided communication technology, intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) can make a significant rate enhancement and coverage extension. In this paper, we present investigation on beamforming in IRS-aided directional modulation (DM) network. To fully explore the advantages of IRS, two methods with enhanced secrecy (SR) performance are proposed. The first method maximizing (Max-SR) alternately optimizes confidential message (CM) vector, artificial noise (AN) vector phase shift...

In this paper, we address the challenge of low recognition rates in existing methods for radar signals from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) with signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). To overcome challenge, propose utilization bispectral slice approach accurate complex UAV signals. Our involves extracting diagonal and maximum amplitude horizontal bispectrum spectrum received signal. These slices serve as basis subsequent identification by calculating characteristic parameters such convexity, box...

Abstract As massive MIMO is a key technology in the future sixth generation (6G), large-scale antenna arrays are widely considered direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation for they can provide larger aperture and higher resolution. However, conventional fully digital architecture requires one radio-frequency (RF) chain per antenna, this challenging high hardware costs much more power consumption caused by large number of RF chains. Therefore, an overlapped subarray (OSA) architecture-based...

Due to its excellent performance in rate and resolution, fully-digital (FD) massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna arrays has been widely applied data transmission direction of arrival (DOA) measurements, etc. But it confronts with two main challenges: high computational complexity circuit cost. The problems may be addressed well by hybrid analog-digital (HAD) structure. there exists the problem phase ambiguity for HAD, which leads low-efficiency or high-latency. Does exist...

This paper models an active intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) -assisted wireless communication network, which has the ability to adjust power between BS and IRS. We aim maximize signal-to-noise ratio of user by jointly designing allocation (PA) factor, IRS phase shift matrix, beamforming vector BS, subject a total constraint. To tackle this non-convex problem, we solve problem alternately optimizing these variables. Firstly, PA factor is designed via polynomial regression method. Next,...

As massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) becomes popular, direction of arrival (DOA) measurement has been made a real renaissance due to the high-resolution achieved. Thus, there is no doubt about DOA estimation using MIMO. The purpose this paper describe its basic principles and key techniques, present performance analysis, appreciate engineering applications. It anticipated that are still many challenges in receive MIMO, such as high circuit cost, energy consumption complexity...

For a passive direction of arrival (DoA) measurement system using massive multiple input output (MIMO), it is mandatory to infer whether the emitter exists or not before performing DOA estimation operation. Inspired by detection idea from radio and ranging (radar), three high-performance detectors are proposed existence single eigen-space sample covariance matrix receive signal vector. The test statistic (TS) first method defined as ratio maximum eigen-value (Max-EV) minimum (R-MaxEV-MinEV)...

DOA estimation for massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system can provide ultra-high-resolution angle estimation. However, due to the high computational complexity and cost of all digital MIMO systems, a hybrid analog (HAD) structure was proposed. In this paper, fast ambiguous phase elimination method is proposed solve problem direction-finding ambiguity caused by HAD MIMO. Only two-data-blocks are used realize Simulation results show that greatly reduce delay with slight performance loss.

Angle of arrival (AOA) is widely used to locate a wireless signal emitter in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) localization. Compared with received strength (RSS) and time (TOA), it has higher accuracy not sensitive synchronization the distributed sensors. However, there are few works focused on three-dimensional (3-D) scenario. Furthermore, although maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) relatively high performance, its computational complexity ultra high. It hard employ practical applications....

Different with conventional reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), simultaneous transmitting and reflecting RIS (STAR-RIS) can reflect transmit the signals to receiver. In this paper, serve more ground users increase deployment flexibility, we investigate an unmanned aerial vehicle equipped a STAR-RIS (STAR-RIS-UAV) aided wireless communications for multi-user networks. Energy splitting (ES) mode switching (MS) protocols are considered control reflection transmission coefficients of...

To improve the localization precision of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), a novel framework is established by jointly utilizing multiple measurements received signal strength (RSS) from base stations (BSs) and points on trajectory. First, joint maximum likelihood (ML) exploiting both trajectory information multi-BSs proposed. reduce its high complexity, two low-complexity methods are designed. The first method BS to (BST), called LCSL-BST. fixing nth BS, along trajectory, position UAV computed...

Due to a high spatial angle resolution and low circuit cost of massive hybrid analog digital (HAD) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), it is viewed as valuable green communication technology for future wireless networks. Combining HAD-MIMO with direction arrival (DOA) will provide high-precision even ultra-high-precision DOA measurement performance approaching the fully-digital (FD) MIMO. However, phase ambiguity challenge issue estimation. In this paper, we review three aspects:...

To improve the accuracy of direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation, a deep learning (DL)-based method called CDAE-DNN is proposed for hybrid analog and digital (HAD) massive MIMO receive array with overlapped subarray (OSA) architecture in this paper. In method, sample covariance matrix (SCM) first input to convolution denoise autoencoder (CDAE) remove approximation error, then output CDAE imported fully-connected (FC) network get estimation result. Based on simulation results, has great...

High hardware cost and high power consumption of massive multiple-input multiple output (MIMO) are two challenges for the future wireless communications including beyond fifth generation (B5G) sixth (6G). Adopting low-resolution analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is viewed as a promising solution. Additionally, direction arrival (DOA) estimation an indispensable technology beam alignment tracking in MIMO systems. Thus, this paper, performance DOA with mixed-ADC structure firstly investigated....

Due to the power consumption and high circuit cost in antenna arrays, practical application of massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) sixth generation (6G) future wireless networks is still challenging. Employing low-resolution analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) hybrid analog digital (HAD) structure two low-cost choice with acceptable performance loss.In this paper, combination mixed-ADC architecture HAD employed at receiver proposed for direction arrival (DOA) estimation, which will...