A5088644016- Insect symbiosis and bacterial influences
- Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Insect and Pesticide Research
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Plant and animal studies
- Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior
- Microplastics and Plastic Pollution
- Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
- Indoor Air Quality and Microbial Exposure
- Mental Health Research Topics
- Cultural Differences and Values
- Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Biomedical Research
- Building Energy and Comfort Optimization
- Animal Behavior and Reproduction
- Species Distribution and Climate Change
- Plant Virus Research Studies
- Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting
- Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
- Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
- Hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir analysis
- Mathematical and Theoretical Epidemiology and Ecology Models
- Virology and Viral Diseases
Imperial College London
2022-2025
University of Exeter
2018-2023
Neurological Surgery
2021
Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn
2021
Dominican University of California
2020
Estée Lauder (United States)
2020
National Museum of Natural History
2018
Fera Science (United Kingdom)
2016
University of Leeds
2012-2015
University of Michigan
2005
Many pollinator populations are declining, with large economic and ecological implications. Parasites known to be an important factor in the some of population declines honey bees bumblebees, but little is about parasites afflicting most other pollinators, or extent interspecific transmission vectoring parasites. Here we carry out a preliminary screening pollinators (honey bees, five species bumblebee, three wasp, four hoverfly genera bees) UK for We used molecular methods screen six bee...
In Italy a nation-wide monitoring network was established in 2009 response to significant honey bee colony mortality reported during 2008. The comprised of approximately 100 apiaries located across Italy. Colonies were sampled four times per year, order assess the health status and collect samples for pathogen, chemical pollen analyses. prevalence Nosema ceranae ranged, on average, from 47–69% 30–60% 2010, with strong seasonal variation. Virus higher 2010 than 2009. most widespread viruses...
Multiple mating (and insemination) by females with different males, polyandry, is widespread across animals, due to material and/or genetic benefits for females. It reaches particularly high levels in some social insects, which queens can produce significantly fitter colonies being polyandrous. therefore a paradox that two thirds of eusocial hymenopteran insects appear be exclusively monandrous, spite the fitness polyandry could provide. One possible cost sexually transmitted parasites, but...
Seasonal changes in the measured CO2 levels at four schools are herein presented through a set of indoor air quality metrics that were gathered during height COVID-19 pandemic UK. Data from non-intrusive environmental monitoring units remotely collected throughout 2021 36 naturally ventilated classrooms two primary and secondary England. Measurements analysed to assess concentration temperature . Relative UK school guidance, within remained relatively low periods warmer weather, with...
Maternal effects can be adaptive and because of their intrinsic time delays may have important on population dynamics. In vertebrates, increasingly invertebrates, it is well established that offspring defence in part determined by maternal parasite exposure. It has also been suggested there indirect immunity mediated other components the environment, including density resource availability. Here, we examine effect availability an insect—virus system. We use five different levels both...
Abstract Metagenomic sequencing has revolutionised our knowledge of virus diversity, with new sequences being reported faster than ever before. However, discovery from metagenomic usually depends on detectable homology: without a sufficiently close relative, so-called ‘dark’ remain unrecognisable. An alternative approach is to use virus-identification methods that do not depend detecting homology, such as recognition by host antiviral immunity. For example, virus-derived small RNAs have...
Plastic pollution affects all ecosystems, and detrimental effects to animals have been reported in a growing number of studies. However, there is paucity evidence for on terrestrial comparison those the marine realm.We used fly Drosophila melanogaster study that exposure plastics may life history traits immune response. We reared flies four conditions: In media containing 1% virgin polyethylene, with no chemical additives; supplemented or 4% polyvinyl chloride, known high content added...
Children spend significant amounts of time at school, making the school environment a potentially important contributor to air quality exposure. The SAMHE initiative has dual aim: 1) develop and test bespoke citizen science framework for collecting indoor data in classrooms, alongside contextual capable enriching analysis, an unprecedented scale; and, 2) simultaneously use these methods raise awareness among communities regarding their exposure pollution environment. To achieve this aim,...
Host shifts–where a pathogen jumps between different host species–are an important source of emerging infectious disease. With on-going climate change there is increasing need to understand the effect changes in temperature may have on We investigated whether species' susceptibilities with and ask if susceptibility greatest at temperatures species. infected 45 species Drosophilidae RNA virus measured how viral load temperature. found phylogeny explained large proportion variation each...
Virus host shifts are a major source of outbreaks and emerging infectious diseases, predicting the outcome novel virus interactions remains key challenge for research. The evolutionary relationships between species can explain variation in transmission rates, virulence, community composition hosts, but it is unclear if correlations exist related viruses infection traits across hosts. Here, we measure viral load four Cripavirus isolates experimental infections 45 Drosophilidae species. We...
Per-person ventilation rates were assessed from data measured in 322 UK schools throughout the Autumn term, 2023. It was found that overall mean rate 5.3 L s−1 p−1; rising to 6.8 p−1 during warmer weather and falling 3.8 colder weather. Daily CO2 levels recorded majority of consistently fell below 1500 ppm threshold within government school guidance but contribution relatively few very high some classrooms shows need for targeted improvement highlights value large-scale datasets. Exceedance...
SUMMARY Transmission is a key determinant of parasite fitness, and understanding the dynamics transmission fundamental to ecology evolution host–parasite interactions. Successful often reliant on contact between infected individuals susceptible hosts. The social insects consist aggregated groups genetically similar hosts, making them particularly vulnerable transmission. Here we investigate how ratio impacts transmission, using honey bee, Apis mellifera its microsporidian Nosema ceranae . We...
Species vary in their susceptibility to pathogens, and this can alter the ability of a pathogen infect novel host. However, many factors generate heterogeneity infection outcomes, obscuring our understand emergence. Such heterogeneities consistency responses across individuals host species. For example, sexual dimorphism means males are often intrinsically more susceptible than females (although by pathogen). Further, we know little about whether tissues infected one same another species,...
Abstract The likelihood of a successful host shift parasite to novel species can be influenced by environmental factors that act on both the and parasite. Changes in nutritional resource availability have been shown alter pathogen susceptibility outcome infection range systems. Here, we examined how dietary protein carbohydrate altered large cross‐infection experiment. We infected 27 Drosophilidae with an RNA virus three food types differing ratios. then measured viral load mortality across...
Trade-offs are fundamental to evolutionary outcomes and play a central role in eco-evolutionary theory. They often examined by experimentally selecting on one life-history trait looking for negative correlations other traits. For example, populations of the moth Plodia interpunctella selected resist viral infection show cost with longer development times. However, we rarely examine whether detection such genetic depends which select. Here, well-characterized genotypic trade-off between time...
Parasites impose strong selection on their hosts, but the level of any evolved resistance may be constrained by availability resources. However, studies identifying genomic basis such resource-mediated are rare, particularly in nonmodel organisms. Here, we investigated role nutrition evolution to a DNA virus (PiGV), and associated trade-offs lepidopteran pest species (Plodia interpunctella). Through experiments whole-genome resequencing, identify genetic markers that vary between nutritional...
Interactions between coinfecting pathogens have the potential to alter course of infection and can act as a source phenotypic variation in susceptibility hosts. This may influence evolution host-pathogen interactions within host species interfere with patterns outcomes across species. Here, we examine experimental coinfections two Cripaviruses –Cricket Paralysis Virus (CrPV), Drosophila C (DCV)–across panel 25 melanogaster inbred lines 47 Drosophilidae We find that these viruses viral loads...
Abstract Metagenomic sequencing has revolutionised our knowledge of virus diversity, with new sequences being reported faster than ever before. However, discovery from metagenomic usually depends on detectable homology: without a sufficiently close relative, so-called ‘dark’ remain unrecognisable. An alternative approach is to use virus-identification methods that do not depend detecting homology, such as recognition by host antiviral immunity. For example, virus-derived small RNAs have...
Abstract Parasites impose strong selection on their hosts, but the level of resistance evolved may be constrained by availability resources. However, studies identifying genomic basis such resource mediated are rare, particularly in non-model organisms. Here, we investigated role nutrition evolution to a DNA virus (PiGV), and associated trade-offs, lepidopteran pest species ( Plodia interpunctella ). Through experiments whole genome sequencing identify putative mechanisms that depend...
Abstract Virus host shifts are a major source of outbreaks and emerging infectious diseases, predicting the outcome novel virus interactions remains key challenge for research. The evolutionary relationships between species can explain variation in transmission rates, virulence, community composition hosts, but potential different viruses to interact with effects has yet be established. Here, we measure correlations viral load four Cripavirus isolates across experimental infections 45...