In this paper we emphasize statistical links between solar activity and orbital motion with various terrestrial phenomena: temperature, sea levels, ice areas, frequencies of volcanic eruptions, Oceanic Nino Index (ONI). Solar links. The indices are expressed through the averaged sunspot numbers SSN summary curve eigen vectors background magnetic field (SBMF). temperature (GLB dataset), global level, eruption shown from wavelet analysis to have a clear link SBMF index, which has same...

This research will explore solar wind parameters and present evidences of additional acceleration particles in 3D reconnecting current sheet formed the interplanetary magnetic field. The observational results be compared with simulations particle using particle-in-cell approach. We also show variations electron pitch-angle distribution (PAD) during spacecraft crossing sheets (RCSs) islands. energy gains PADs would change depending on specific topology fields. Besides, observed depend paths...

Recent progress in undersatanding a role of the solar background magnetic field defining activity is presented using eigen vectors derived with Principle Compnent Analysis. This approach revealed presence not only 11 year cycles but also grand duration 330-380 years. We demonstrated that these are formed by interferences two waves produced dynamo dipole layers interior close equal frequencies. These always separated minima (GSMs) similar to Maunder minimum type, modern GSM started 2020 and...

In this paper, we apply an assumption of the reconnecting heliospheric current sheet (HCS) for explanation some contradictory results in experimental detection sector boundaries (SBs) from interplanetary magnetic field and electron pitch-angle measurements. Trajectories, densities, velocity, distributions particles accelerated by a super-Dreicer electric are investigated with 2.5D full kinetic particle-in-cell approach HCS assumed to undergo slow reconnection process configurations deduced...

In this editorial I will demonstrate with newly discovered solar activity proxy-magnetic field that the Sun has entered into modern Grand Solar Minimum (2020–2053) lead to a significa...

The numerical solutions of the time-dependent kinetic Fokker-Planck equation are presented for fast electrons injected from solar corona into a flaring atmosphere and precipitating with energy pitch-angle diffusion loop converging magnetic field. assumed to lose their in Coulomb collisions particles partially ionised ambient plasma Ohmic heating owing electric field induced by beam. electron beam is found cause return current beam, which comes back source wide pitch angle distribution. arise...

Abstract. Particles of fast solar wind in the vicinity heliospheric current sheet (HCS) or a front interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) often reveal very peculiar energy velocity profiles, density distributions with double triple peaks, and well-defined streams electrons occurring around far away from these events. In order to interpret parameters energetic particles (both ions electrons) measured by WIND spacecraft during HCS crossings, comparison data was carried out 3-D...

Solar magnetic activity is expressed via variations of sunspots and active regions varying on different timescales. The most accepted an 11-year period supposedly induced by the electromagnetic solar dynamo mechanism. There are also some shorter or longer timescales detected: biennial cycle (2 - 2.7 years), Gleisberg (80 100 Hallstatt's (2100 2300 years). Recently, using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) observed background field (SBMF), another 330 380 years, Grand Cycle (GSC), was derived...

The acceleration of protons and electrons in a reconnecting current sheet (RCS) is simulated with particle-in-cell (PIC) 2D3V code for the proton-to-electron mass ratio 100. electro-magnetic configuration forming RCS incorporates all three components magnetic field (including guiding field) drifted electric field. PIC simulations reveal that there polarisation appears during owing to separation from towards midplane RCS. If plasma density low, weak particle trajectories are similar those...

ABSTRACT Using full disc synoptic maps of solar background magnetic field captured from the Wilcox Solar Observatory for 30 latitudinal bands cycles 21–24, principal components (PCs) or eigenvectors oscillations are obtained. The PCs shown to come in pairs assigned waves produced by dipole, quadruple, sextuple, and octuple sources. first pair is linked dipole with their summary curve revealing a reasonable fit averaged sunspot numbers 21–24. This verifies previous results confirms as...

In this paper, we investigated the Oceanic Niño Index (ONI), for simplicity called in paper an El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) index 1950-2023 by applying wavelet spectral transform and IBM SPSS correlations analysis. ONI follows three months' current measurements of average temperature sea surface East-Central tropical part Pacific Ocean nearby international line date change over past 30 years. The ENSO is found to have a strong (>87%) correlation with Global Land-Ocean Temperature...

Abstract. Principle component analysis (PCA) of the solar background magnetic field (SBMF) measured from Wilcox Solar Observatory (WSO) magnetograms revealed following principal components (PCs) in latitudes: two main symmetric components, which are same for all cycles 21–23, and three pairs asymmetric unique each cycle. These SBMF variations assumed to be those poloidal travelling slightly off-phase pole while crossing equator. They caused by a joint action dipole quadruple sources Sun. In...

Aim. Sharp rises of hard X-ray (HXR) emission accompanied by H α line profiles with strong red-shifts up to 4 Å from the central wavelength, often observed at onset flares Specola Solare Ticinese Telescope (STT) and Swedish Solar (SST), are not fully explained existing radiative models. Moreover, observations white light (WL) Balmer continuum Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRISH) reveal co-temporal enhancements nearly co-spatial HXR emission. These effects indicate a fast effective...

ABSTRACT We explore the links between averaged sunspot numbers (SSN) and a modulus summary curve (MSC) of two largest eigenvectors solar background magnetic field (SBMF) derived from principal component analysis. MSC has rather close correspondence with whole set SSN revealing cycle timings, duration, maxima times for cycles 12–24, 6, 7, −4, −3, while few in mid-18th mid-19th centuries there are discrepancies maximum amplitudes, durations, maxima. Possible reasons these related to...

Aims. Magnetic reconnection in large Harris-type reconnecting current sheets (RCSs) with a single X-nullpoint often leads to the occurrence of magnetic islands multiple O- and X-nullpoints. Over time these become squashed, or coalescent two merging, as has been observed indirectly during coronal mass ejection by in-situ observations heliosphere magnetotail. These points emphasise importance understanding basic energising processes ambient particles dragged into different configuration....

Abstract Suprathermal electrons with energies of ∼70 eV and above are observed at 1 au as dispersionless halo magnetic field-aligned beams strahls. For a long time, it has been thought that both populations originate only from the solar corona, active process impacting their properties in wind is scattering. This view consequently impacted interpretation typical patterns pitch-angle distributions (PADs) suprathermal electrons. Meanwhile, recent observational studies supported by numerical...

We present observations of energetic particle flux increases up to 1 MeV at AU, which cannot be associated with ordinary mechanisms acceleration, such as acceleration shocks or the Sun. Such unusual events very likely have a local origin. Multi-spacecraft show that numerous cases enhancements and spikes correspond passages spacecraft through areas filled magnetic islands typical width ∼0.01–0.001AU experience dynamical merging or/and contraction. The presence inside magnetically confined...

Abstract Electron and proton acceleration by a drifted super-Dreicer electric field is investigated in strongly compressed non-neutral reconnecting current sheet (NRCS). The guiding assumed to be constant within (RCS) parallel the direction of field. other two magnetic components, transverse tangential, are considered vary exponentially linearly with distances from X-nullpoint. electron energy spectra calculated numerically model RCS different topologies solving an equation motion...

Aims . Hydrogen Lyman continuum emission is greatly enhanced in the impulsive kernels of solar flares, with observations lines showing brightening and both red blue wing asymmetries, based on images low spatial resolution. A spate proposed instruments will study more detail from bright, flare kernels. In support new instrumentation we aim to apply an improved interpretation hydrodynamic radiative code, HYDRO2GEN, which has already successfully explained H α large redshifts sources white...

Aims. Particles are known to have efficient acceleration in reconnecting current sheets with multiple magnetic islands that formed during a reconnection process. Using the test-particle approach, recent investigation of particle dynamics 3D islands, or X- and O-null points revealed energy gains higher squashed than coalescent ones. However, this approach did not factor ambient plasma feedback presence accelerated particles, which affects their distributions within region. Methods. In paper,...