To reduce greenhouse gases in accordance with stringent emission regulations, interest ammonia, a carbon-free fuel, is increasing the heavy-duty engine industry. Pre-mixed ammonia-diesel dual-fuel combustion showed better results than diesel efficiency and gas emissions, but NO unburned NH3 levels were significant. Therefore, liquid ammonia direct injection strategy should be considered, that requires detailed formation process analyses. this study, numerical analysis of was conducted, an...

With the increase in heavy-duty engines, an enhanced combustion concept is necessary to meet stringent environmental regulations. Pre-chamber systems can be used improve stability and emissions, their design parameters are important because they affect jet properties engine performance. Therefore, this study investigates emission characteristics of a pre-chamber system for engines using CFD program determine optimal The simulation was conducted with speed 720 rpm 100% load condition both...

In this study, a spray-guided gasoline direct-injection 2-cylinder optically accessible engine was used to analyze the characteristics of in-cylinder flow and mixture formation using PIV measurements computational fluid dynamics (CFD; CONVERGE v2.4). The mean velocity, tumble ratio, turbulent kinetic energy, center were calculated quantify flow. Moreover, rotation intensity defined evaluate depending on crank angle. early stage intake stroke, air flowed into cylinder with high momentum...

In gasoline direct-injection engines, in-cylinder flow plays an important role in terms of fuel atomization, mixture, turbulence, combustion, and emission. The is affected by the air-fuel interaction piston shapes, it required to understand optimize these influences. this study, visualization was performed depending on shape spray pattern using particle image velocimetry measurements a two-cylinder optical engine with high-compression ratio spray-guided direct-injection. Effects parameters...

In this study, the flow enhancement effects of applying a swirl control valve were investigated with particle image velocimetry and simulation using CONVERGE v2.4 program in high compression ratio, spray-guided, gasoline direct injection engine. This was followed by analysis varying spray structure mixture preparation process for different angles. The intensity strengthened order angle 45°, 30°, 0°, spark plug gap velocities near TDC increased 1.89, 4.40, 6.69 m/s that order. However, effect...

In this study, the effects of piston shapes on in-cylinder flow characteristics and mixture formation in lean condition was analyzed using PIV method CFD (CONVERGE v2.4). The four-piston geometries were concave, flat, convex, base pistons, pistons mounted a GDI engine with transparent quartz. To quantify characteristics, mean velocity, tumble ratio, turbulent kinetic energy, center calculated. addition, to analyze difference detail, velocity fraction calculated by dividing cylinder area into...

Despite widespread recognition of the serious risk battery thermal runaway (BTR) in lithium-ion batteries, process and associated external ignition mechanism remain poorly understood. In this study, BTR was measured using thermodynamics visualization techniques 10 batteries under abuse conditions. The venting speed by particle image velocimetry boundary detection. characterized terms flame area. average onset temperature across test 215.6°C. maximum 831.1°C, variation between experiments...

The Internet of Things (IoT) is being used in a wide variety fields due to the recent 4th industrial revolution.In particular, research conducted that combines IoT with medical field such as telemedicine.Among them, shock detection big issue because causes are diverse, treatments very complex, and require high level knowledge experience.The transmission infectious diseases common when treating critically ill patients, especially patients shock.Thus, effectively care for we propose an...

Abstract In this study, the effect of intake manifold geometry on cylinder-to-cylinder variation was investigated considering volumetric efficiency, early tumble development, turbulent kinetic energy, and spark plug gap velocity using computational fluid dynamic program, CONVERGE v2.4. The simulation model validated based PIV experiment in cylinder Mie-scattering manifold, its results agreed well with results. curved straight were compared. As a result, it advantageous for compared to...

To reduce greenhouse gases in accordance with stringent emission regulations, interest ammonia, a carbon-free fuel, is increasing the heavy-duty engine industry. Pre-mixed ammonia-diesel dual-fuel combustion showed better results than diesel efficiency and gas emissions, but NO unburned NH3 levels were significant. Therefore, liquid ammonia direct injection strategy should be considered, that requires detailed formation process analyses. this study, numerical analysis of was conducted, an...

Abstract In order to improve the performance of gasoline direct injection engine system, it is fundamentally important reduce cylinder-to-cylinder variation which affected by intake manifold geometry. Furthermore, early tumble development influences characteristics mixture as followed atomization and evaporation fuel, also greatly affects performance. Thus, in this study, volumetric efficiency for two different type (curved straight type) was investigated using computational fluid dynamic...