Abstract A variety of non-equilibrium growth processes are characterized by phase boundaries consisting moving fingers, often with interesting secondary structures such as sidebranches. Familiar examples dendrites, seen in snowflake growth, and fluid fingers formed immiscible displacement. Such a morphological instability which renders planar or circular shapes unstable, the competing stabilizing effect surface tension. We survey recent theoretical work elucidates how systems arrive at their...

In nature, microorganisms must often cope with hostile environmental conditions. To do so they have developed sophisticated cooperative behaviour and intricate communication capabilities, such as: direct cell-cell physical interactions via extra-membrane polymers, collective production of extracellular 'wetting' fluid for movement on hard surfaces, long range chemical signalling as quorum sensing chemotactic (bias according to gradient agent) signalling, activation deactivation genes even...

We introduce a phenomenological continuum model for the mode III dynamic fracture that is based on phase-field methodology used extensively to interfacial pattern formation. couple scalar field, which distinguishes between "broken" and "unbroken" states of system, displacement field in way consistently includes both macroscopic elasticity simple rotationally invariant short-scale description breaking. report two-dimensional simulations yield steady-state crack motion strip geometry above...

Significance Epithelial–mesenchymal transitions play crucial roles in embryonic development, wound healing, and cancer metastasis. It is clearly of interest to quantitatively understand the core circuitry that takes input from cell’s environment perform this cell-fate decision. We devised a unique model microRNA (miR)-based coupled chimeric modules underlying circuit; effort utilizes theoretical framework for treating miR dynamics. show miR-200/ZEB module functions as ternary switch,...

We investigate a discrete model consisting of self-propelled particles that obey simple interaction rules. show this can self-organize and exhibit coherent localized solutions in one- two-dimensions. In one-dimension, the self-organized solution is flock finite extent which density abruptly drops to zero at edges. two-dimensions, we focus on vortex rotate around common center be obtained from random initial conditions, even absence confining boundary. Furthermore, develop continuum version...

In this study, we have used radiolabeled IL-2 binding assays, Northern blot analysis, immunofluorescent flow cytometry and cell sorting, as well proliferation cytotoxicity assays to perform an extensive phenotypic functional characterization of the receptor in normal resting human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Our results indicate that almost all T cells (greater than 98%) express neither high affinity nor intermediate p75 chain without prior activation. contrast, most NK constitutively...

Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) and its reverse - Mesenchymal to Epithelial (MET) are hallmarks of cellular plasticity during embryonic development cancer metastasis. During EMT, epithelial cells lose cell-cell adhesion gain migratory invasive traits either partially or completely, leading a hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal (hybrid E/M) mesenchymal phenotype respectively. move individually, but E/M migrate collectively as observed gastrulation, wound healing, the formation tumor...

We impose anisotropy in modified Hele-Shaw experiments by engraving a grid on one of the plates. Without anisotropy, dynamics is dominated tip bifurcations leading to branched ramified structure. With dendritic pattern forms, qualitative agreement with prediction recent studies local growth models.

A general approach to diffusion-limited crystal growth is proposed. It consists of a modified (nonequilibrium) Cahn-Hilliard representation the interface coupled diffusion equation. Arguments are given as its superiority over previous models. These illlustrated in one-dimensional solution which shows how system selects unique velocity. The selection can be interpreted requirement consistency between interfacial undercooling determined by (microscopic) kinetics and (macroscopic)

The problem of two-dimensional localization in the presence a magnetic field is reconsidered. existence extended electronic states demonstrated by use replica formalism and duality arguments. These are analogs $\ensuremath{\theta}=\ensuremath{\pi}$ vacua four-dimensional Yang-Mills theories, occur at center each Landau band. present results complete explanation integrally quantized Hall effect.

Significance The presence of heterogeneous subsets cancer stem cells (CSCs) remains a clinical challenge. These often occupy different regions in the primary tumor and have varied epithelial–mesenchymal phenotypes. Here, we devise theoretical framework to investigate how microenvironment (TME) modulates this spatial patterning. We find that gradient EMT-inducing signal, coupled with juxtacrine Notch-JAG1 signaling triggered by inflammatory cytokines TME, explains heterogeneity. Finally,...

Metabolic plasticity enables cancer cells to switch their metabolism phenotypes between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) during tumorigenesis metastasis. However, it is still largely unknown how orchestrate gene regulation balance OXPHOS activities. Previously, by modeling the of we have reported that can acquire a stable hybrid metabolic state in which both be used. Here, comprehensively characterize activity, establish theoretical framework coupling with pathways. Our...

We develop a computational model, based on the phase-field method, for cell morphodynamics and apply it to fish keratocytes. Our model incorporates membrane bending force surface tension enforces constant area. Furthermore, implements cross-linked actin filament field an bundle that are responsible protrusion retraction forces, respectively. show our predicts steady state shapes with wide range of aspect ratios, depending system parameters. we find dependence speed this ratio matches...

Abnormal metabolism is a hallmark of cancer, yet its regulation remains poorly understood. Cancer cells were considered to utilize primarily glycolysis for ATP production, referred as the Warburg effect. However, recent evidence suggests that oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) plays crucial role during cancer progression. Here we utilized systems biology approach decipher regulatory principle and OXPHOS. Integrating information from literature, constructed network genes metabolites, which...

Cell migration is a pervasive process in many biology systems and involves protrusive forces generated by actin polymerization, myosin dependent contractile forces, force transmission between the cell substrate through adhesion sites. Here we develop computational model for motion that uses phase-field method to solve moving boundary with physical membrane properties. It includes reaction-diffusion actin-myosin machinery discrete sites which can be "gripping" or "slipping" mode integrates...

Abstract Metastasis is a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality for many cancer patients remains major obstacle effective treatment. In tissue types, metastasis fueled by the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)—a dynamic process characterized phenotypic morphologic changes concomitant with increased migratory invasive potential. Recent experimental theoretical evidence suggests that cells can be stably halted en route EMT in hybrid E/M phenotype. Cells this phenotype tend...