To enhance performance stability, carbon electrodes with opposite net surface charges were employed to develop the inverted capacitive deionization system.

Long-term performance of capacitive deionization (CDI) and membrane-assisted (MCDI) single cells equipped with the same pristine carbon xerogel (CX) electrodes configured as anode cathode was investigated. Unlike CDI, which subject to degradation in a short period time, MCDI showed preservation during 50 h operation due its ability mitigate charge leakage from parasitic electrochemical reactions that result oxidation. Differential capacitance measurements used CDI revealed shifting potential...

Microporous SpectraCarb carbon cloth was treated using nitric acid to enhance negative surface charges of COO(-) in a neutral solution. This acid-treated further modified by ethylenediamine attach -NH2 functional groups, resulting positive -NH3(+) via pronation Through multiple characterizations, comparison pristine carbon, amine-treated displays decreased potential zero charge but an increased point charge, which is opposed the effect obtained for carbon. An inverted capacitive deionization...

In order to examine the reliability of carbon xerogel (CX) materials for capacitive deionization (CDI), long-term operation a CDI cell with CX electrodes was performed in dilute NaCl solution. During at 1.2/0 V, performance gradually degraded, and growing inversion peak formed beginning each adsorption step. When polarity electrode reversed, use −1.2/0 V significantly boosted performance. However, this enhancement not sustained continued cycling. study, we also reported four-electrode cell,...

Abstract Ultrasmall metal nanoclusters (MNCs, <3 nm) have emerged as a novel class of functional nanomaterials. Different from the prosperous development noble MNCs, fabrication non‐noble MNCs remains major challenge, which greatly curtails advance relevant application fields. Herein authors put forward an in situ synthesis strategy bismuth (Bi NCs) within carbon nano‐bundles NCs@CNBs) by simply carbonizing Bi‐containing metal–organic framework (Bi‐MOF), and deploy it Cl − capturing...

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry were used to investigate the electrode kinetics of VII-VIII VIV-VV in H2SO4 on glassy carbon, carbon paper, xerogel, fibers. It was shown that, for all materials investigated, is enhanced by anodic, inhibited cathodic, treatment electrode; contrast, treatment. The potential region each these effects varied only slightly with material. Rate constants always greater than except when anodized electrodes compared, which may explain...

Flow-through Rocking-chair Capacitive Deionization system with ultrahigh desalination rate is built for the first-time, in which sodium-pre-intercalated MnO₂ coated carbon nanofiber aerogels are employed as flow-through electrode.

A colloidal stable silica-encapsulated magnetic nano-composite of a controlled dimension is, for the first time, employed to carry beta-lactamase via chemical linkage on silica overlayer: activity study reflects that this new type immobilisation allows site (enzyme) isolation, accessibility as good free enzyme and recovery & reusability upon application separation.

The UV-visible spectra of VIII-VII electrolytes in 3 mol dm−3 H2SO4 showed a linear relationship absorbance to mole fraction but those VIV-VV did not. At all wavelengths, mixtures excess over that expected for combination the components. Plots Aex against f VIV were found be symmetrical parabolas reach peak at = 0.5. Excess is attributed strongly absorbing 1:1 mixed-valence complex, V2O33+, equilibrium with VO2+ and VO2+. Based on this, an expression derived relates from this it shown when...

The ultraviolet-visible spectra of catholytes for vanadium flow batteries (VFBs) were measured and analyzed a range VIV:VV ratios concentrations. Using model V2O33+ in equilibrium with VO2+ VO2+, the characterized terms an excess absorbance parameter p molar extinction coefficients ɛ4 ɛ5 respectively. results showed that varies weakly concentration C this variation was quantified relative to reference Cr by means coefficient ϕr. Experimental data plots ϕr versus Cϕr 1/ϕr are linear and,...

Since a capacitive deionization (CDI) cell is type of electrochemical device, its performance will be limited by the electrode with weaker ion-adsorption. A cyclic voltmmogram for freshly prepared carbon xerogel (CX) showed Na+ adsorption at cathodic branch not as favorable Cl− anodic in ∼4 mM (∼233 ppm) NaCl solution. To balance this performance, CX was specifically modified coating SiO2 particles and formation surface –COOH groups from oxidation. It observed that these modifications cannot...

Conductive, monolithic carbon xerogel electrodes have been synthesized using a flexible support and resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) polycondensation reaction with RF precursor weight percentages of 37, 40, 45, 50 to tailor pore size distributions for electrosorption. Increased produced volumes greater than 0.4 cm3/g. External examined by SEM was shown decrease increasing percent from >300 nm <50 37 wt% RF, respectively. Carbon were used in capacitive deionization cell demonstrating...

Abstract We employ slow cyclic voltammetry to study the quasi‐steady‐state capacitive deionization (CDI) of aerated 10 mM NaCl from V cell =−0.2 2 V. The method allows for deconvolution and faradaic processes, which are significant even at low voltage, in conjunction with pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen (DO), electrode potential measurements. pH three locations effluent DO data identify asymmetric electrosorption configured pristine activated carbon electrodes, where charge is...

Highly efficient pseudo-capacitive deionization systems equipped with flow-through electrodes are developed for the first time based on utilization of MoC nanoparticle-embedded carbon nanofiber aerogels as electrode materials.

Inverted capacitive deionization (i-CDI) is examined using microporous Spectracarb carbon electrodes in 10 mmol L–1 NaCl solution without deaeration. i-CDI testing shows that conventional operational methods, i.e., Vch = 0.8 V and Vdis 0 (0.8/0 V), cannot stabilize salt separation after approximately 409 h with an averaged adsorption capacity (SAC) of 6.0 ± mg g–1. The cycled anode possesses a collapsed cyclic voltammogram due to increase the sheet resistance by formation surface oxide...

As a highly abundant renewable carbon source, lignin can be converted to variety of advanced materials with tailorable properties through slow pyrolysis. In this study, pyrolysis kraft lignin, for the first time, was investigated commercial pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (Py–GC–MS) system evolved gas analysis-MS (EGA-MS) and heart-cutting-GC–MS (HC-GC–MS) analyses. These analyses allow recovery examination multiphased products generated from thermal decomposition during at...