Most next-generation Li-ion battery chemistries require a functioning lithium metal (Li) anode. However, its application in secondary batteries has been inhibited because of uncontrollable dendrite growth during cycling. Mechanical suppression through solid polymer electrolytes (SPE) or robust separators shown the most potential for alleviating this problem. Studies mechanical behavior Li at any length scale and temperature are virtually non-existent extreme reactivity, which renders sample...

Short-circuiting via dendrites compromises the reliability of Li-metal batteries. Dendrites ensue from instabilities inherent to electrodeposition that should be amenable dynamic control. Here, we report by charging a scaled coin-cell prototype with 1 ms pulses followed 3 rest periods average dendrite length is shortened ∼2.5 times relative those grown under continuous charging. Monte Carlo simulations dealing Li(+) diffusion and electromigration reveal experiments involving 20 were...

We have investigated electrochemical treatment of real domestic wastewater coupled with simultaneous production molecular H2 as useful byproduct. The electrolysis cells employ multilayer semiconductor anodes electroactive bismuth-doped TiO2 functionalities and stainless steel cathodes. DC-powered laboratory-scale experiments were performed under static anodic potentials (+2.2 or +3.0 V NHE) using samples, added chloride ion in variable concentrations. Greater than 95% reductions chemical...

We have developed a novel method to compute the irreversible loss of anode material in rechargeable lithium metal batteries.

The average lengths λ̅ of lithium dendrites produced by charging symmetric Li(0) batteries at various temperatures are matched Monte Carlo computations dealing both with Li(+) transport in the electrolyte and thermal relaxation electrodeposits. We found that experimental λ̅(T) variations cannot be solely accounted temperature dependence mobility solvent but require involvement competitive Li-atom from metastable dendrite tips to smoother domains over ΔE(++)(R) ∼ 20 kJ mol(-1) barriers. A...

The densifying kinetics of lithium dendrites is characterized with effective activation energy Ea ≈ 6 - 7 kcal mol(-1) in our experiments and molecular dynamics computations. We show that heating for 55 °C reduces the representative length λ¯(T,t) up to 36%. NVT reactive force field simulations on three-dimensional glass phase produced by coarse grained Monte Carlo method reveal any given initial dendrite morphology, there a unique stable atomic arrangement certain range temperature,...

The accumulation pattern in the dendritic microstructures rechargeable batteries has a deterministic impact on their state of health and longevity. dendrites either can cause early short-circuits or form dead lithium crystals during prolonged charge–discharge cycles. We perform experiments, combined with percolation-based computations parallel, to anticipate dynamics rate propagation microstructures, circular domain. Subsequently, we develop physical paradigm correlate verify non-linear...

The excessive dendritic development during the electrochemical evolution of microstructures in rechargeable batteries can ultimately cause a short circuit, thermal instability, or runaway, and loss active material. We initially develop computational framework to quantify bias electrodeposition on roughened interface favoring convex zones. Subsequently, we impose countering temperature effect enhance diffusion trailing concave Consequently, establish stability criterion for controlling...

The ramified and stochastic evolution of dendritic microstructures has been a major issue on the safety longevity rechargeable batteries, particularly for utilization high-energy metallic electrodes. We analytically develop criteria pulse characteristics leading to effective halting electrodeposits grown during extensive time scales beyond inter-ionic collisions. Our framework is based competitive interplay between diffusion electromigration tracks gradient ionic concentration throughout...

The formation of dendritic microstructures during the charging period battery is a critical phenomenon, hampering sustainable utilization energy-dense materials, such as alkaline metals electrode. We establish new experimental setup and measure for tracking tendency in real time to quantify compression versus conventional parameters pulse duty cycle frequency. In this regard, we close scale gap between experiments (∼mm, ∼s) affordable simulations (∼nm, ∼ms) by means coarse-grained modeling....

Understanding the mechanism of formation solid-electrolyte interphases (SEI) is key to prospects lithium metal batteries (LMB). Here, we investigate via cyclic voltammetry, impedance spectroscopy and chronoamperometry role kinetics in controlling properties SEI generated from reduction propylene carbonate (PC, a typical solvent LMB). Our observations are consistent with operation radical chain PC electropolymerization into polymer units whose complexity increases at lower initiation rates....

Graphene-based polymers exhibit a conductive microstructure formed by aggregates in matrix which drastically enhances their transmitting properties. We develop new numerical framework for predicting the electrical conductivity based on continuum percolation theory two dimensional stochastically-generated medium. analyze role of flake shape and its aspect ratio consequently predict onset particle density domain scale. Simultaneously, we have performed experiments achieved very high such...

The dendritic growth in rechargeable batteries is one of the hurdles for utilization high energy-density elements, such as alkaline metals, electrode. Herein we explore preventive role curved electrode surface cylindrical design versus flat geometry on stochastic evolution crystals. In this regard establish a coarse-grained Monte Carlo paradigm polar coordinates (r,θ), which runs larger scale time and space (∼μs,∼nm ) than those interionic collisions (∼fs, Å). Subsequently track density...

Abstract The generation of heat within the rechargeable batteries during charge–discharge cycles is inevitable, making dissipation a very critical part their design and operation procedure, as safety sustainability measure. In particular, when gets least possibility to escape from electrode surface, boundary packaging material remains sole dissipator. this regard, accumulated in central zone, it most critical, since has surroundings. Anticipating such trap, sink component devised, where role...

Correction for ‘Elliptic percolation model predicting the electrical conductivity of graphene–polymer composites’ by Asghar Aryanfar <italic>et al.</italic>, <italic>Soft Matter</italic>, 2021, <bold>17</bold>, 2081–2089, DOI: 10.1039/D0SM01950J.

The non-uniform growth of microstructures in dendritic form inside the battery during prolonged charge–discharge cycles causes short-circuit as well capacity fade. We develop a feedback control framework for real-time minimization such microstructures. Due to accelerating nature branched evolution, we focus on early stages growth, identify critical ramified peaks, and compute effective time dissipation ions from vicinity those branching fingers. parameter is function maximum interface...