An occlusion protocol was used to elucidate the respective roles of preprograming and online control during quiet eye period golf putting. Twenty-one novice golfers completed putts 6-ft 11-ft targets under full vision or with occluded on initiation backswing. Radial error (RE) higher, longer, when putting versus target, in condition. Quiet durations, as well preprograming, dwell were longer low-RE compared high-RE trials. The component significantly condition, whereas components These...

It has been proposed that, when learning a motor skill, individuals initially freeze degrees of freedom to simplify control. There is limited empirical evidence support this proposition. We examined issue by monitoring the performance non-skilled individual soccer chip shot with his non-dominant leg over 9 days practice (425 trials). Principal component analysis was used examine dimensional change. The most dramatic change occurred at hip, range motion decreasing during first 5 and then...

Two experiments were conducted to examine time and energy optimization strategies for movements made with against gravity. In Experiment 1, the authors manipulated concurrent visual feedback, knowledge about feedback. When vision was eliminated upon movement initiation, participants exhibited greater undershooting, both their primary submovement final endpoint, than when available. aiming downward, more likely terminate following or complete a lower amplitude corrective submovement. This...

Abstract In Experiment 1, adult and child participants were instructed to imitate a video model performing bowling action with or without ball. Participants imitated the greater accuracy ball in general adults more accurate than children. 2, children shown point-light display of action. There was no difference movement form between groups. contrast, poorer at reproducing when viewing compared sequences (P < 0.05). The novel hindered children's ability provide conceptual mediation presented...

We compared the nature and rate of change in intra-limb coordination participants who observed a video model (model) with those practised based on verbal guidance only (control). Sixteen male novices threw ball towards target maximal velocity using back-handed, reverse baseball pitch. Participants group immediately changed their relative motion to more closely resemble model's pattern. This new pattern, concomitant changes speed, was maintained throughout acquisition, without further change....

The acquisition of sensorimotor parameters that control goal-directed motor behaviors occurs by observing another person in the absence efferent and afferent signals. This is observational practice. During such observation, biological motion properties associated with observed are coded into a representation controls learning. Understanding underlying processes, specifically coding motion, has theoretical practical significance. Here, we examined following questions. Experiment 1: Are...

Whilst autistic individuals develop new internal action models during sensorimotor learning, the acquired movements are executed less accurately and with greater variability. Such movement profiles related to differences in integration and/or altered feedforward/feedback control. We investigated processes underlying learning autism by quantifying accuracy variability, relative timing, feedforward feedback Although demonstrated significant across trials, which was facilitated processing...

Motivated by recent findings of improved perceptual processing and perceptual-motor skill following stroboscopic vision training, the current study examined performance acquisition effects methods that afford a different visual experience. In Experiment 1, we conducted within-subject design to examine multiple object tracking (MOT) task in conditions (Nike Vapor Strobe®, PLATO occlusion, intermittent display presentation) operating at 5.6, 3.2, or 1.8 Hz. We found participants maintained MOT...

The authors examined the proposal that a motor skill is scaled through physical practice and not observation of model. In 4 groups, participants (N = 32) did or imitate model bowling ball to target 8 m away. an assessment phase, those groups observe same Participants who viewed in phase were more accurate consistent terms accuracy than not. Their shoulder wrist velocity profiles similar 4-m no-model group. had previous demonstration at scaling arm. Observing facilitates acquisition...

Humans show an astonishing capability to learn sensorimotor behaviours. However, data from learning experiments suggest the integration of efferent commands, afferent information, and visual consequences a performed action during is different in autism, leading atypical representation internal models. Here, we investigated generalization model formed different, but associated, perception task. Although motor timing was generally less accurate adults with following practice feedback both...