The purpose of this study was to explore students' information searching strategies in Web-based science learning activities and further examine the influence Internet self-efficacy on these strategies. Eight subjects were randomly selected from a pool 73 college freshmen based mixed genders levels. In-depth case studies comparisons used analyse subjects' achievement, online role self-efficacy. results showed evidence that high students had better learned than those with low task. This...

Computer programming has been gradually emphasized in recent computer literacy education and regarded as a requirement for all middle school students some countries. To understand young students’ perceptions about their own learning programming, this study aimed to develop an instrument, Programming Self-Efficacy Scale (CPSES), above levels. Based on Berland Lee’s computational thinking framework, developed the CPSES items at level finally instrument included five subscales: Logical...

Computational thinking has received tremendous attention from computer science educators and educational researchers in the last decade. However, most prior literature defines computational as outcomes rather than processes. Based on Selby Woodland’s framework, this study developed validated Thinking Scale (CTS) to assess all students’ thought processes of for both general specific problem-solving contexts five dimensions: abstraction, decomposition, algorithmic thinking, evaluation...

Abstract Background Data visualizations transform data into visual representations such as graphs, diagrams, charts and so forth, enable inquiries decision-making in many professional fields, well public economic areas. How students’ visualization literacy (DVL), including constructing, comprehending, utilizing adequate visualizations, can be developed is gaining increasing attention STEM education. As fundamental steps, the purpose of this study was to understand common student difficulties...

<span>This study investigates the role of search context played in university students' online information searching strategies. A total 304 students Taiwan were surveyed with questionnaires which two contexts defined as for learning, and daily life information. Students' strategies evaluated by "Online Information Searching Strategy Inventory" (Tsai, 2009b). The results paired t-tests indicated that utilised significantly better than those learning activities, especially behavioural...

Zn CPs <bold>1–3</bold> exhibit strong blue/cyan fluorescence emissions in toluene suspension for highly selective and sensitive detection of explosive nitroaromatics through remarkable quenching responses. In addition, the framework Zn²⁺ ions <bold>3</bold> were partially substituted by Cu²⁺ <italic>via</italic> a single-crystal to (SCSC) transformation.

To explore the role of design thinking in contemporary computer literacy education, this study aimed to examine relationship between young students’ disposition and their programming self-efficacy. assess disposition, developed Design Thinking Disposition Scale (DTDS) with a sample 350 junior high school students who had experience STEAM course. A principle axis factor analysis promax rotation method was used verify DTDS’s construct under four dimensions: empathize, define, ideate prototype....

A prior study developed the Computational Thinking Scale (CTS) for assessing individuals’ computational thinking dispositions in five dimensions: decomposition, abstraction, algorithmic thinking, evaluation, and generalization. This proposed Developmental Model of through validating structural relationships among factors CTS. To examine model, a questionnaire including CTS was administered to 472 middle school students. confirmatory factor analysis used confirm construct measurements,...