Abstract Background In the last two decades, Nepal has experienced an increase in both forest fire frequency and area, but very little is known about its spatiotemporal dimension. A limited number of studies have researched extent, timing, causative parameters, vulnerability factors regarding Nepal. Our study analyzed trends patterns for decades fire-vulnerability risk based on historical incidents across country. Results We spatial temporal fires extent burned area using Mann-Kendall trend...

• Development and validation of a remote-sensing based rice crop calendar for Asia. Start end season dates are estimated subnational administrative units. Main seasons well represented, but some high cropping intensity areas missed. We find strong correlation with reported peak planting harvesting in RiceAtlas. Information on when where is planted harvested important management under changing climate monitoring production early warning market information systems. The diversity plant genetic,...

As in many other parts of the world, urban areas South Asian region are increasingly expanding. While cities today heart commercial, technological and social development, they also vulnerable to a variety natural anthropogenic threats. The complex infrastructure, ever-expanding population cities, exacerbate impacts climate change increase risk hazards. Throughout history, various hydrological disasters including floods, tidal surges, droughts, non-hydrological such as earthquakes,...

South Asian countries face a disproportionate impact from disasters due to their unique topography, poverty, low literacy rates, and socio-economic status. Human activities, such as unplanned urbanization poorly designed rural road networks, have further contributed in the region. The article explores potential of nature-based solutions (NbS) means addressing these challenges through integration green, blue, grey infrastructure. analysis evaluates significance NbS examines policies regional...

The impact of climate change, arguably global warming and resulting drought, is one the most escalating agricultural challenges affecting crop productivity. Therefore, effective water management critical in practices. practices.T analysis plant leaves presents an opportunity to gauge irrigation status through automated solutions encourage broader adoption among farmers. Currently, there a notable absence AI methods literature for detecting tomato leaf analysis. Addressing this gap, we...

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has exceeded over sixty-five million cases globally. Different approaches are followed to mitigate its impact and reduce spreading in different countries, but limiting mobility exposure have been de-facto precautions transmission. However, a full lockdown cannot be sustained for prolonged period. An evidence-based, multidisciplinary approach on risk zoning, personal transmission assessment near real-time, communication would support the optimized decisions...

Multi-source, multi-temporal, and multi-resolution satellite images have been increasing over a couple of years. The spatiotemporal data fusion technique could be promising solution to achieve the advantage temporal spatial details multi-platform remote sensing images. Due unavailability required resolution normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) high-spatial-resolution dataset (e.g., Sentinel 2 A/B), sensing-based crop monitoring is limiting in several parts world, primarily monsoon...

Climate change is expected to precipitation and temperature patterns, which will impact the hydrological regime in Asia. Most river systems region originate from Hindu Kush-Himalayas, altered patterns pose a threat their sustainability, making it major concern for planners stakeholders. Obtaining accurate data on distribution crucial water accounting, poses challenge. To address this, gridded products developed satellite imagery modeling techniques have become viable alternative or addition...

Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) is a climate-resilient practice that stands out globally as an important through which we can deal with emerging challenges adaptation and mitigation to increase crop productivity resilience. Despite its significance, comprehensive cost–benefit analysis of the adoption these practices has not yet been carried out. This study aims bridge knowledge gap between cost effectiveness CSA adopted by small-scale farmers in growing rice, wheat maize, most staple crops...

The diminishing spring discharge in the Middle Mountain Zone (MMZ) Nepal is a matter of concern because it directly affects livelihoods low-income farmers region. Therefore, understanding impacts changes climate and land-use patterns on water demand availability crucial. We investigated impact change streamflow environmental flow, for spring-fed river irrigation using limited meteorological data available Babai River Basin, Nepal. SWAT CROPWAT8.0 were used to respectively calculate present...

This work presents a very simple but robust, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and optical, data fusion framework for land use/cover change detection. The was done with two indicators, namely the normalized difference ratio (NDR) vegetation index (NDVI difference) developed from multitemporal SAR optical images respectively. A statistical analysis shows that NDR NDVI have consistent pattern in major classes. Thus, based on this pattern, approach without altering behavior of different types...

A fully polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) image allows the generation of a number descriptors. These descriptors are sensitive to changes in land use and cover. Thus, objective this study is twofold: first, identify most effective for each change type ascertain best complementary pairs from selected descriptors; second, develop an information fusion approach unique features found descriptor obtain better map urban suburban environments. The effectiveness was assessed through...

Abstract. Automatic change pattern mapping in urban and sub-urban area is important but challenging due to the diversity of land use pattern. With multi-sensor imagery, it possible generate multidimensional unique information Earth surface features that allow developing a relationship between response each feature synthetic aperture radar (SAR) optical sensors track automatically. Thus, SAR data integration framework for detection automatic were developed. It was carried out three steps: (i)...