When Britain imposed the "Prevent duty", a legal duty on education, health and social welfare organisations to report concerns about individuals identified as at-risk of radicalisation, critics argued it would accentuate stigmatisation Muslim communities, "chill" free speech, exacerbate societal securitisation. Based 70 interviews with educational professionals national online survey (n = 225), this article examines their perceptions how has played out in practice. It then provides an...

The concept of “cumulative extremism”—described in 2006 by Roger Eatwell as “the way which one form extremism can feed off and magnify other forms [of extremism],” has recently gained considerable traction academic, policy, practitioner discourses about extremism. Yet spite the growing usage term, particularly analyses dynamic between extreme Islamist Right-Wing or anti-Muslim protest groups, there to date been scant interrogation itself its application. In this article, we make a series six...

Since the Second World War, Great Britain has witnessed a recurring escalation and de-escalation of confrontations between extreme right-wing or anti-minority protest groups on one hand and, other, militant anti-fascist anti-racist groups, latterly also number Islamist groups. In this article, we trace outline four waves these movement–countermovement contests in order to engage critically with ideas what some academics have called “cumulative extremism (CE)”. Contrary tenor much public,...

Since 2001, community cohesion has been an English policy concern, with accompanying media discourse portraying a supposed failure by Muslims to integrate. Latterly, academia foregrounded White majority attitudes towards ethnic diversity, particularly those of the ‘White working class’. While questioning this categorisation, we present data on diversity from low income, mainly areas within Dewsbury, West Yorkshire, town portrayed in as one ‘failed spaces’ multiculturalism. Drawing mixed...

Most groups do less violence than they are capable of. Yet while there is now an extensive literature on the escalation of or radicalisation towards violence, particularly by ‘extremist’ actors, and processes de-escalation de-radicalisation have also received significant attention, non- limited largely gone below analytical radar. This article contributes to current efforts address this limitation in our understanding dynamics political aggression developing a descriptive typology ‘internal...

When activists in radical, far or extreme right groups claim identities that set them apart from such analytical categories, they are usually given short shrift by commentators and academics, a function of the presumed strategic nature claims evidential inaccuracies scrutiny often reveals. Such responses help ensure critical readings these groups. However, also risk overlooking fact even where identifications appear misleading, may still be causally significant, shaping groups’ evolution...

As the literature on understanding and addressing extremism terrorism has expanded, there also emerged a significant methodological literature. well as providing valuable insight about research design, this increasingly addresses practical issues, such how to gain access difficult-to-reach populations, build trust, strategies for effective interviewing. There remain however number of relatively neglected aspects process. In relation long-term qualitative – form recognised essential advancing...

One of the most striking features way terrorism and counter-terrorism have evolved in SubSaharan Africa during last 3-5 years has been apparent resilience terrorist groups to increasingly large-scale national international responses. As well as scaling up domestic efforts, African Union continued support both through various plans protocols associated with its Counter-Terrorism Framework (see ACSRT) deployment peacekeeping forces, such Mission Somalia (AMISOM). There also substantial...

(2021). How the “Internal Brakes” on Violent Escalation Work and Fail: Toward a Conceptual Framework for Understanding Intra-Group Processes of Restraint in Militant Groups. Studies Conflict & Terrorism. Ahead Print.

Abstract One of the main questions currently facing scholars civil religion is how religions, and in particular national are being reconfigured response to contemporary repositioning nation state within supra‐national political, economic, legal cultural orders entailed by globalization. This article first surveys some arguments emerge from literature this regard. It then contributes these debates outlining current reconfigurations manifest case a protest movement called English Defence...

The emergence or resurgence of radical political groups invariably provokes a struggle between activists, academics, commentators, and policymakers over the set terms that best correspond to group in question. While such debates are an integral part practice, scrutinizing claims made these reveals significant limitations standard strategies description—most notably their inability satisfactorily render either essential cultural messiness dynamism contentious politics intersections so-called...