Due to its central position in the production chain, in-ovo development is influenced by pre-incubation factors that affect quality of embryonated eggs and incubation conditions themselves, both may influence egg hatchability chick quality, as well bird survival, growth performance, phenotype field. The evolution process over years characterized significant scientific technological development. Presently, main current focuses research are manipulation thermal conditions, eggshell...

Skin and feather characteristics, which play a critical role in body temperature maintenance, can be affected by incubation circumstances, such as temperature. However, no study to date has assessed the influence of during fetal stage on morphometric characteristics vascular development skin, their relationship hormone levels preferred later life chickens. Broiler breeder eggs were exposed low (36°C), control (37.5°C), or high (39°C) temperatures (treatments LT, CK, HT, respectively) from...

We studied the effect of feed and water deprivation on gastrointestinal tract intestinal mucosa development chicks at 24, 48, 72 h posthatching. The treatments were ad libitum, libitum no feed, but feed. relative weight yolk sac was not influenced by treatments. However, 48 posthatching, liver increased, gizzard + proventriculus decreased in birds receiving libitum. An increase jejunum ileum weights lengths observed when supplied with water. lack produced same as both causing a higher number...

The hemocyte types, in addition to total and differential counts were studied parasitized unparasitized Anastrepha obliqua larvae at the beginning end of third instar. In both developmental phases, larvae, prohemocytes, plasmatocytes, granulocytes, adipohemocytes, spherulocytes oenocytoids cells observed. Mitotic figures indicate prohemocytes as stem cells. Prohemocytes, plasmatocytes granulocytes are most numerous hemolymph A. obliqua. Difference number hemocytes was observed between...

The current study aimed to investigate whether embryonic temperature manipulation may alter thermal preference throughout the rearing phase of broiler chickens and how this affect response challenge, metabolism, growth rate feed intake rate. Eggs were exposed a constant incubation [machine temperatures: 36°C (Low), 37.5°C (Control), 39°C (High); eggshell 37.4 ± 0.08°C, 37.8 0.15°C, 38.8 0.33°C, respectively] from d 13 till hatching. Low treatment showed lower plasma T3 GH levels at 1 age...

The aim of the present study was to investigate effect oral supplementation creatine on muscular responses aerobic training. Twelve purebred Arabian horses were submitted training for 90 d, with and without supplementation, evaluated respect BW BCS area frequency different types muscle fibers in gluteus medius. Supplementation consisted daily administration 75 g monohydrate mixed into ration d Physical conditioning conducted a high-performance treadmill, intensity stipulated by calculating...

We investigated the effects of incubation temperatures and vitamin C injections into eggs (treatments: 37.5ºC, 39ºC, 39ºC+vitamin C) on resultant chick pectoralis major sartorius muscle fiber hypertrophy, as well their quality breast over-thigh meat broilers reared under cold, control, or hot temperatures. Incubation at 39ºC increased shear force reduced redness in (P < 0.05). Vitamin prevented these high temperature [shear (kgf cm(-2)): 37.5ºC = 2.34, 2.79, 2.44; redness: 2.64, 1.90, 2.30],...

Dose-dependent positive effects on hatchability and hatchling weight have been attributed to ascorbic acid (AA) when eggs were submitted or not intermittent heat stress during incubation. Fertile breeder (Cobb(r)) used determine if the pre-incubation injection of AA in ovo affects incubation quality egg incubated under thermoneutral conditions. Eggs injected with 0, 2,4, 6% AA/100µL water at continuous (37.5ºC) hot (39.0ºC) temperature. Eggshell temperature (EST) increased second half period...

Investigou-se o efeito da suplementação de glutamina na dieta sobre consumo ração, ganho peso e conversão alimentar a estrutura mucosa intestinal frangos. Foram utilizados 320 pintos corte machos distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso com dois tratamentos quatro repetições, sendo T1 suplementado 1% L-glutamina T2 controle. Os índices desempenho foram analisados aos 7, 21 49 dias idade das aves. Aos 7 14 oito aves sacrificadas para colheita fragmentos cada porção do intestino...

Frieseomelitta varia worker bees do not lay eggs even when living in queenless colonies, a condition that favors ovary development and oviposition the majority of highly social bees. The permanent sterility these was initially attributed to failure morphogenesis differentiation. Using transmission electron microscopy we found at beginning pupal phase ovaries F. workers are formed by four ovarioles, each them composed 1) terminal filament apex containing juxtaposed irregularly shaped cells,...

Universidade Federal do Parana Centro Politecnico Jardim das Americas, Rua Francisco H. dos Santos, sn, 81530-000 Curitiba, PR

Broilers are known as an efficient source of lean meat. Genetic selection resulted in broiler strains with large body size and fast growth, but a concomitant increase fat deposition also occurred. Other than reducing nutrient intake, there is lack alternative methods to control composition broilers. The present study assessed whether incubation temperature (machine temperatures: 36ºC, 37.5ºC, 39ºC; eggshell 37.4 ± 0.08°C, 37.8 0.15ºC, 38.8 0.33°C, respectively.) from d 13 affects hatchling...

The aim of this study was to determine the effects incubation temperature (34.5; 35.5; 36.5; 37.5 and 38.5oC), on period, embryonic mortality, hatching rate, water loss chick weight at hatch, using daily partridge (Rhynchotus rufescens) eggs. highest percentage obtained between 35.5 36.5oC. Incubation length were inversely proportional. Water lower in eggs incubated low temperatures as compared high temperatures. There no difference among absolute relative hatchling weights. Early mortality...

Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology Faculty Agricultural Veterinary Sciences Sao Paulo State University, UNESP

The experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of continuous ingestion pectin on intestinal viscosity, transit time, excreta moisture content, nutrient digestibility and energy metabolism broilers at starter growth phases. We used 240 one-day-old Cobb male broiler chicks, distributed in a completely randomized experimental design. Treatments consisted four concentrations (0, 10, 30 50 g kg-1) with six replicates 10 birds each. supplied feed by phase increased viscosity reduced...

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of in-ovo ascorbic acid (AA) injection on bone development broilers submitted heat stress during incubation and rearing. One thousand (1,000) Cobb(r)fertile broiler eggs were randomly distributed according weight into five incubators, with 200 per incubator. The treatments were: not injected AA incubated at 37.5°C; 39°C; 6 µg AA/100 µL water prior 39ºC. hatched birds reared three different house temperatures: cold, thermoneutral, or hot....

This work reports the use of scanning electron microscopy to evaluate intestinal epithelium loss in broilers. Intestinal mucosa male and female chicks submitted prolonged period post-hatching water feed deprivation was evaluated. Two segments duodenum, jejunum ileum were taken per bird, routinely processed by microscopy. Six distinct degrees determined: degree 0, normal villi without apparent extrusion; 1, presenting small areas loss; 2, at apex; 3, apical region; 4, upper half; 5, lack...

The effects of water and feed fasting for 24, 48 72 hours post-hatching on blood parameters (mean corpuscular volume, MCV; red blood-cell, RBC; hematocrit, HCT; hemoglobin, HGB; plasma glucose, CGP; total protein, PP, differential leukocytes count), body, liver, spleen, bursa, yolk sac weights were analyzed. Erythrogram data obtained with a cell counter. Total protein glucose determined by using the Bradford method (1976) PAP liquiform kit (Labtest, cat. n. 84), respectively. Specific...

This study analyzed broiler breeder age (29 or 60 wk-old) effects on physical characteristics of eggs (initial mass, mass loss, volume, diameter, surface area and density) eggshells(weight, thickness, conductance, porosity ), as well the influence embryo sex hematological parameters body, liver heart weights during incubation (at days 13, 15, 18 21). Physical parameter values were lower in 29-wk-old than those 60-wk-old breeders, except for relative eggshell weight, which was higher. In both...

1. This study analysed whether in ovo injection of ascorbic acid before incubation and at high temperature influenced blood characteristics performance broilers reared different conditions. 2. A total 3,000 fertile eggs from broiler breeders (Cobb®) were randomly divided into three treatments: no egg 37.5°C (control); 39°C; prior to (6 µg AA/100 µl water) 39°C. 3. Male chicks hatched the treatments submitted distinct rearing temperatures (control, cold hot) third week age onwards (540 6 with...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible effects glutamine and broiler breeder age on development intestinal mucosa in chicks during first week age. For purpose, 32 one-day-old were distributed according a completely randomized experimental design 2 x factorial arrangement. Treatments consisted two ages (30 60 weeks) dietary supplementation levels (0% 1%). morphological mucosa, particularly villus height crypt depth, evaluated. results showed that with 1% influenced duodenum...

In this study we investigated the application of mercury porosimetry technique into determination porosity features in 28 week old hen eggshells. Our results have shown that majority pores sizes between 1 to 10 mu m eggshells studied. By applying were able describe better, by determining a pore size distribution Here, introduce as new routine applied

Toward the end of larval phase (prepupa), reproductive systems Melipona quadrifasciata and Frieseomelitta varia workers are anatomically similar. Scanning electron microscopy showed that during this developmental right left ovaries fused form a heart-shaped structure located above midgut. Each ovary is connected to genital chamber by long slender lateral oviduct. During pupal development, oviducts from both species become extremely reduced due drastic process cell death, as shown...

Sao Paulo State Univ, UNESP, Via Acesso Prof D Castellani S-N, Paulo, BR-14884900 BC, Brazil