Masonry structures represent the highest proportion of building stock worldwide. Currently, structural condition such is predominantly manually inspected which a laborious, costly and subjective process. With developments in computer vision, there an opportunity to use digital images automate visual inspection The aim this study examine deep learning techniques for crack detection on from masonry walls. A dataset with photos produced containing complex backgrounds various types sizes....

Abstract Kahramanmaraş Earthquake Sequence of 6th February is the deadliest earthquake that happened in Turkey era instrumental seismology, claiming more than 55 thousand lives and leaving torn down cities towns behind. More 450 km long lateral strike-slip fault ruptured during these catastrophic earthquakes. As a result, 38 buildings collapsed causing life losses. Considering large share Turkish building stock consists RC buildings, vulnerable main responsible for this picture. Deficiencies...

The main objective of this paper is to present a general classification scheme the failure modes in-filled frames, both with and without openings. For former, existing summarized based on literature review. latter, recent experimental results frames unreinforced masonry walls openings subjected slowly applied cyclic lateral loads are used, number different (crack patterns) identified classified into distinct categories. Such improves substantially understanding earthquake resistant behaviour...

This paper aims to quantify the evolution of damage in masonry walls under induced seismicity.A index equation, which is a function shear slippage and opening mortar joints, as well drift ratio walls, was proposed herein.Initially, dataset experimental tests from in-plane quasistatic cyclic on considered.The experimentally obtained crack patterns were investigated their correlation with propagation studied.Using software based Distinct Element Method, numerical model developed validated...

Out-of-plane (OOP) collapse is one of the most observed damage types in masonry structures during strong earthquakes. OOP strength a wall depends on several parameters such as dimensions wall, vertical restoring force, boundary conditions and material properties, which are creating complex kinematics an earthquake. Testing response thus challenging task, also because additional to complexities mentioned, seismic forces triggering caused by inertia itself, phenomenon that needs dynamic...

Abstract On February 6th, 2023, two severe earthquakes struck southeastern Türkiye near the Syrian border. The first earthquake, Mw7.8, occurred at 04:17 local time in East Anatolian Fault Zone city of Gaziantep. second Mw7.5, approximately 9 h later 13:24 Elbistan County, Kahramanmaraş province. These seismic events ruptured multiple segments (EAFZ), with rupture lengths exceeding 300 km, and deformation 5 m on both sides faults. In this study, we aim to analyze characteristics strong...

Research Article| November 01, 2011 Ground Motions versus Geotechnical and Structural Damage in the February Christchurch Earthquake Eleni Smyrou; Smyrou Soil Mechanics Laboratory School of Civil Engineering National Technical University Heroon Polytechneiou 9 Zografou Campus Athens 15780 Greece smiroulena@gmail.com (E. S.) 1Soil Laboratory, Engineering, University, Athens, Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Panagiota Tasiopoulou; Tasiopoulou Ïhsan Engin Bal; Bal...

Post-earthquake structural damage shows that out-of-plane (OOP) wall collapse is one of the most common failure mechanisms in unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings. This issue particularly critical Groningen, a province located northern part Netherlands, where low-intensity induced earthquakes have become an uprising problem recent years. The majority buildings this area are constructed using URM and were not designed to withstand earthquakes, as had never been affected by tectonic seismic...

In case of induced seismicity, expectations from a structural monitoring system are different than in the natural seismicity. this paper, results historical building Groningen (Netherlands) seismicity has been presented. Results monitoring, particularities earthquakes, as well usefulness and need various systems for similar cases discussed. Weak soil properties dominate response region; thus, ground water interaction movements with also scrutinized. The proposed study could be effectively...

Abstract Two strong earthquakes hit Thessaly region on March 3rd, 2021 (M w = 6.3) and 4th, 6.1). The epicentres of the were located at approximately 23 29 km respectively NW Larissa, one most populous cities in Greece. Several aftershocks followed thereafter. Although no injuries recorded, several structures suffered significant damage close to epicentre, while some others collapsed. Approximately 300 residents village Damasi transferred temporary settlements tents. event occurred during...

This paper presents a proof of concept for monitoring masonry structures using two different types markers which are not easily noticeable by human eye but exhibit high reflection when subjected to NIR (near-infrared) wavelength light. The first type is retroreflective marker covered special tape that opaque in visible light translucent NIR, while the second paint produced from infrared reflective pigments. these captured camera-flash combination and processed image processing algorithms. A...

In recent years, the number of human-induced earthquakes in Groningen, a large gas field north Netherlands, has increased. The majority buildings are built by using unreinforced masonry (URM), most which consists cavity (i.e. two-leaf) walls, and were not designed to withstand earthquakes. Efforts define, test standardize metal ties, do play an important role, valuable also from wider construction industry point view. presented study exhibits findings on behavior tie connections between...

During the 2015 Gorkha earthquake of 7.8 Mw that hit Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, numerous Nepalese Pagodas suffered extensive damage while others collapsed. Risk reduction strategies implemented in region focused on disassembling historical structures and rebuilding them with modern material without depth analysis why they suffer collapse. The aim this paper is to evaluate effectiveness low-cost, low-intervention, reversible repair strengthening options for Pagodas. As a case study, Jaisedewal...

Summary Precast concrete structures are preferred for facilities with large open areas due to easiness in construction. Such typically composed of individual columns and long‐span beams, quite flexible limited redundancy. In this paper, nonlinear dynamic analyses a typical such structure conducted using as excitation 54 ground motions recorded on top variety soils (hard, soft, liquefied soil sites). The results show that liquefaction‐affected level‐ground systematically impose greater threat...

This paper investigates the limits and efficacies of Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) material for strengthening mid-rise RC buildings against seismic actions. Turkey, region highest risk in Europe, is chosen as case-study country, building stock which consists its vast majority residential and/or commercial buildings. Strengthening with traditional methods usually applied most projects, ordinary construction materials no specialized workmanship are required. However, cases tight time...

The seismic assessment of unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings with cavity walls is a relevant issue in many countries, such as Central and Northern Europe, Australia, New Zealand, China several other countries.A wall consists two separate parallel (called leaves) connected by metal ties: an inner loadbearing outer veneer having mostly aesthetic insulating functions.Cavity are particularly vulnerable structural elements.If the leaves not properly connected, their out-of-plane strength may be...