Core Ideas Drought causes significant yield reductions both for rainfed and irrigated crops. can have impact on cropping areas crop yield. Changing types be used to cope with drought challenges during periods. Increased is required meet the needs of future population growth, but This study evaluates area over 10 climate zones in Texas from 2008 2016. It also depicts spatiotemporal distribution changes at each zone across state. We analyzed yields before after 2011 severe using annual four...

A total of 21 gauges across the mountainous leeward portion island Oʻahu, Hawaiʻi, were used to compare rainfall interpolation methods and assess spatial variability over a 34-month monitoring period from 2005 2008. Traditional geostatistical methods, including Thiessen polygon, inverse distance weighting (IDW), linear regression, ordinary kriging (OK), simple with varying local means (SKlm), estimate wet dry season rainfall. The regression SKlm incorporate two types exhaustive secondary...

Abstract Vegetated land surfaces play an important role in determining the fate of carbon global cycle. However, our understanding terrestrial biosphere on a scale is subject to considerable uncertainty, especially concerning impacts climatic variables Soil source and also sink CO 2 exchange helps sequestration. Agricultural management practices influence soil water dynamics, as well cycling by changing emission uptake rates. The rate varies for different crops organic amendments. major goal...

Abstract The impact of potential future climate change scenarios on streamflow and evapotranspiration (ET) in a mountainous Hawaii watershed was studied using the distributed hydrology soil vegetation model (DHSVM). hydrologic response simulated for 43 years different levels atmospheric CO 2 (330, 550, 710 970 ppm), temperature (+1.1 + 6.4 °C) precipitation (±5%, ±10% ±20%) basis Intergovernmental Panel Climate Change (IPCC) AR4 projections under current, B1, A1B1 A1F1 emission scenarios....

Small-scale vegetable and fruit crop producers in the USA use locally available commercial organic fertilizers soil amendments recycled from municipal agricultural wastes. Organic provide crops with their nutrient needs maintain health by modifying its physical, chemical, biological properties. However, might add unwanted elements such as toxic heavy metals or salts, which inhibit growth reduce yield. Therefore, objective of this study was to evaluate phytotoxicity three amendments, chicken...

West Texas, USA Estimation of crop reference evapotranspiration (ETo) is essential for many aspects water resources planning and management such as irrigation scheduling. Available widely used methods calculating ETo include American Society Civil Engineers' Standardized Reference Evapotranspiration Food Agriculture Organization's Penman-Monteith equations (FAO-ETo). These use complete climate datasets to estimate daily ETo, whereas simple models based on radiation temperature limited data....

Purpose In the construction industry, cash flow issues can impact both contractors and owners. Although finance-based scheduling (FBS) models were developed to control contractors’ flow, researchers completely disregarded management for owners’ portfolios. Therefore, FBS is once again introduced in this study from perspective of owners Design/methodology/approach For problem portfolio (FBS-PO), a mixed integer linear program (MILP) model developed. The purpose ensure that inflows are greater...

Understanding soil water movement is needed to manage irrigation minimize drainage, nutrient leaching below the root zone, and contamination of groundwater. We hypothesized that content determined by capacitance probes can be used for scheduling estimating components. Objectives this study were (i) evaluate performance optimizing management ‘Hamlin’ orange trees [ Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb.] on Swingle citrumelo paradisi Macf. × Poncirus trifoliata Raf.] rootstock a Candler fine sand...

Leaching of fertilizer nutrients and widespread NO 3 ‐N contamination drinking water wells in proximity to citrus growing regions central Florida are a serious concern. We evaluated distribution soil solution at various depths the vadose zone, N leaching below root zone for two cropping seasons under canopy 21‐yr‐old Hamlin orange [ Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] trees on Cleopatra mandarin ( reticulata Blanco) rootstock, an entisol Florida. The treatments included 112, 168, 224, 280 kg ha −1...

Summary Nitrogen (N) is the most important nutrient for plant growth and production. uptake efficiency dependent on a number of factors. Water management influences transformation N sources applied to soil transport nitrate form in soil. Nitrate-N final product transformations quite mobile soils with water front. Leaching below rootzone an economic loss contributes non-point source pollution groundwater. In this chapter we summarize factors influencing efficiencies various crops production...

Many watersheds in Hawai'i are flash flood prone due to their small contributing areas and frequent intense rainfall. Motivated by the possibility of developing an operational forecasting system, this study evaluated performance National Weather Service (NWS) model, Hydrology Laboratory Research Distributed Hydrologic Model (HL-RDHM) simulating hydrology flood-prone Hanalei watershed Kaua'i, Hawai'i. This rural is very wet has strong spatial rainfall gradients. Application HL-RDHM required...

Manure amendments affect several soil physical and hydrologic properties. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect (i) manure amendment rates (0, 168, 336, 672 kg total N ha−1), levels (one-time application, two-time application), types (chicken [CM], dairy [DM], swine [SM]) on bulk density (ρb), porosity (θt), saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) a highly weathered tropical (Waialua gravely clay variant, isohyperthermic Pachic Haplustolls) (ii) measuring instruments...

Single capacitance sensors are sensitive to soil property variability. The objectives of this study were to: (i) establish site-specific laboratory calibration equations three single (EC-20, EC-10, and ML2x) for tropical soils, (ii) evaluate the accuracy precision these sensors. Intact cores bulk samples, collected from top 20 80 cm depths at five locations across Upper Mākaha Valley watershed, analyzed determine their density (ρb), total porosity (θt), particle size distribution, electrical...

Abstract Understanding how potential climate change will affect availability of water resources for citrus production globally is needed. The main goal this study to investigate impacts future on irrigation requirements (IRR) in major global producing regions, e.g., Africa, Asia, Australia, Mediterranean, Americas. Irrigation Management System (IManSys) model was used calculate optimum IRR the baseline period (1986–2005) and two periods (2055s 2090s) subject combination five seven...

The main goal of this study was to evaluate four major remote sensing soil moisture (SM) products over the state Texas. These are: (i) Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer—Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) (2002–September 2011); (ii) Soil Moisture Ocean Salinity system (SMOS, 2010–present); (iii) AMSR2 (2012–present); and (iv) Active Passive (SMAP, 2015–present). quality generated SM data is influenced by accuracy precision sensors retrieval algorithms used in processing raw data. Therefore,...

Abstract In this paper, we present the design and implementation of a smart irrigation system using Internet Things (IoT) technology, which can be used for automating process in agricultural fields. It is expected that would create better opportunity farmers to irrigate their fields efficiently, as well eliminating field's under‐watering, could stress plants. The developed organized into three parts: sensing side, cloud user side. We Microsoft Azure IoT Hub an underlying infrastructure...

The objective of this investigation is to study the impacts global response COVID-19 on air pollution and quality changes in major cities across globe over past few months. Air data (NO2, CO, PM2.5, O3) were downloaded from World Quality Index project for January 2019–April 2020 period. Results show a significant reduction levels NO2, PM2.5 compared their 2019. These reductions as high 63% (Wuhan, China), 61% (Lima, Peru), (Berlin, Germany), levels, respectively. In contrast, O3 increased...