The authors evaluated the efficacy of a computer-delivered personalized normative feedback intervention in reducing alcohol consumption among heavy-drinking college students. Participants included 252 students who were randomly assigned to an or control group following baseline assessment. Immediately after completing measures reasons for drinking, perceived norms, and drinking behavior, participants condition provided with computerized information detailing their own perceptions typical...

Objective: This research was designed to evaluate the relative contribution of social norms, demographics, drinking motives, and alcohol expectancies in predicting consumption related problems among heavy-drinking college students. Method: Participants included 818 (57.6% women) first-year undergraduates who reported at least one episode previous month. In addition providing demographic information (gender fraternity/sorority membership) participants completed Web-based assessments norms...

This study evaluated perceptions of same-sex and opposite-sex gender-specific versus gender-nonspecific drinking norms among college students (115 men, 111 women). research is consistent with previous findings that overestimate the quantity frequency their peers demonstrates both men women peers. The suggest perceived are more strongly associated problematic than stronger predictors alcohol consumption for men. Results interventions incorporating normative feedback should be framed differently

Critical research questions in the study of addictive behaviors concern how these change over time: either as result intervention or naturalistic settings. The combination count outcomes that are often strongly skewed with many zeroes (e.g., days using, number total drinks, drinking consequences) repeated assessments longitudinal follow-up after daily diary data) present challenges for data analyses. current article provides a tutorial on methods analyzing substance use data, focusing...

Previous research has shown that social norms are among the strongest predictors of college student drinking. Among students, perceiving others drink more heavily than themselves been strongly and consistently associated with heavier Research also specifically defined, stronger association is one's own In current research, we evaluated whether group identification as defined by feeling closer to specific groups moderates associations between perceived drinking in Participants included 3,752...

One in five college women experiences sexual assault (SA). Feminist scholars have called for the use of programming that empowers by increasing their ability to recognize and resist SA. such program, Enhanced Assess, Acknowledge, Act SA Resistance Education Program (EAAA), has demonstrated lower rates up 24 months (Senn et al., 2015, 2017). EAAA could be further enhanced directly targeting women's risky alcohol cannabis use, two known risk factors SA, within an integrated framework. This...

The current study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of a mailed feedback and tips intervention as universal prevention strategy for college drinking. Participants (N = 1,488) were randomly assigned or assessment-only control conditions. Results indicated that had preventive effect on drinking rates overall, with participants in condition consuming less alcohol at follow-up comparison controls. In addition, abstainers twice likely remain abstinent from (odds ratio 2.02), significantly...

Objective: Previous research has shown that students overestimate the drinking of their peers, and perceived norms are strongly associated with behavior. Explanations for these findings have been based largely on cross-sectional data, precluding ability to evaluate stability normative misperceptions or disentangle direction influence between drinking. The present was designed (1) (2) temporal precedence Method: Participants were college (N = 164; 94 women) who completed assessments reported...

This research evaluated the importance of reference groups in relationships between injunctive norms and alcohol consumption for college student drinkers. First-year students (N = 811; 58% women) completed online assessments their drinking behavior, as well perceptions approval (injunctive norms) prevalence (descriptive by others. Injunctive were with respect to typical students, same-sex friends, parents. Descriptive students. Results suggested that norms, only proximal (friends parents)...

Many brief interventions include personalized normative feedback (PNF) using gender-specific or gender-neutral referents. Several theories suggest that information pertaining to more socially proximal referents should have greater influence on one's behavior compared with distal The current research evaluated whether gender specificity of the referent employed in PNF related intervention efficacy.Following baseline assessment, 185 college students (45.2% women) were randomly assigned one...

Web-based brief alcohol interventions have the potential to reach a large number of individuals at low cost; however, few controlled evaluations been conducted date. The present study was designed evaluate efficacy gender-specific versus gender-nonspecific personalized normative feedback (PNF) with single biannual administration in 2-year randomized trial targeting sample heavy-drinking college students.Participants included 818 freshmen (57.6% women; 42% non-Caucasian) who reported 1 or...

Two studies examined college student gambling as a function of descriptive and injunctive social norms. It was expected that individuals would overestimate the norm both norms uniquely predict behavior problem gambling. In Study 1, self-reported frequency among 317 students found to be lower than perceived typical behavior. 2, which included 560 students, replicated results 1 revealed similar findings with respect actual for expenditure. Perceived predicted frequency, expenditure, negative...

Two studies examined contingent self-esteem (CSE) and responses to appearance-related social comparisons. Study 1 was an experimental study in which women rated a series of advertisements from popular women's magazines. 2 employed event-contingent diary recording procedure. In 1, who were higher CSE lower self-perceptions attractiveness (SPA) experienced greater decreases positive affect increases negative following the ad-rating task. results supported mediation model felt worse after...

The objectives of this research were to evaluate the efficacy computer-delivered personalized normative feedback among heavy drinking college students and controlled orientation as a moderator intervention efficacy. Participants (N = 217) included primarily freshman sophomore, who randomly assigned receive or not immediately following baseline assessment. Perceived norms, number drinks per week, alcohol-related problems main outcome measures. Controlled was specified moderator. At 2-month...

Objective: Relatively little research has evaluated motives for using marijuana based on users' self-reported reasons. This article details the construction and psychometric validation of a new questionnaire. Method: Participants included 346 marijuana-using college students who completed online assessments regarding their for, frequency of, problems associated with use. Results: Exploratory confirmatory factor analysis supported 12-factor scale, including following: (1) Enjoyment, (2)...