A5061457253- Marine and coastal ecosystems
- Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology
- Coral and Marine Ecosystems Studies
- Marine and fisheries research
- Marine Bivalve and Aquaculture Studies
- Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions
- Protist diversity and phylogeny
- Isotope Analysis in Ecology
- Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation
- Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
- Plant and animal studies
- Forest Ecology and Biodiversity Studies
- Marine and coastal plant biology
- Physiological and biochemical adaptations
- Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research
- Algal biology and biofuel production
- Plant Parasitism and Resistance
- Ecosystem dynamics and resilience
- Aquatic Ecosystems and Phytoplankton Dynamics
- Animal Ecology and Behavior Studies
- Mathematical and Theoretical Epidemiology and Ecology Models
- Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases
- Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
- Ocean Acidification Effects and Responses
University of California, Santa Barbara
2016-2025
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
2012-2019
University of British Columbia
2017-2019
Stanford University
2011-2016
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
2009-2011
One of the aims United Nations (UN) negotiations on conservation and sustainable use marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ) is to develop a legal process for establishment area-based management tools, including protected areas, ABNJ. Here we planning algorithm integrate 55 global data layers ABNJ species diversity, habitat heterogeneity, benthic features, productivity, fishing as means highlighting priority regions be considered spatial protection. We also include...
Summary The role of novel ecological interactions between mammals, fungi and plants in invaded ecosystems remains unresolved, but may play a key the widespread successful invasion pines their ectomycorrhizal fungal associates, even where mammal faunas originate from different continents to trees as New Zealand. We examine associations dispersal inoculum North American ( Pinus contorta , Pseudotsuga menziesii ), native beech Lophozonia ) using faecal analyses, video monitoring bioassay...
Abstract Deep Chlorophyll Maxima (DCMs) are subsurface peaks in chlorophyll- a concentration that may coincide with phytoplankton abundance and primary productivity. Work on the mechanisms underlying DCM formation has historically focused physiology (e.g., photoacclimation) behavior taxis). While these can drive formation, they do not account for top-down controls such as predation by grazers. Here, we propose new mechanism formation: Light-dependent grazing microzooplankton reduces biomass...
Abstract Mounting evidence suggests that fishing can be a major driver of coral‐to‐macroalgae regime shifts on tropical reefs. In many small‐scale coral reef fisheries, fishers target herbivorous fishes, which weaken resilience via reduced herbivory macroalgae then outcompete corals. Previous models explored the effects harvesting herbivores revealed hysteresis in herbivory–benthic state relationship results bistability coral‐ and macroalgae‐dominated states over some levels pressure, has...
Multispecies mutualisms, such as the association between trees and ectomycorrhizal fungi, are often shaped by environmental context. Here, we explored functional mechanisms underlying this filtering. Using a single population of Pinus muricata (Bishop pine) growing along strong edaphic gradient, examined how stress affected fungi. The gradient spans c. 400 000 years soil age, reduced nutrient availability increased water dwarf on older sites. Fungal community composition shifted with stature...
Biological invasions are a rapidly increasing driver of global change, yet fundamental gaps remain in our understanding the factors determining success or extent invasions. For example, although most woody plant species depend on belowground mutualists such as mycorrhizal fungi and nitrogen-fixing bacteria, relative importance these mutualisms conferring invasion is unresolved. Here, we describe how neighborhood context (identity nearby tree species) affects formation ectomycorrhizal...
Abstract Rising ocean temperatures affect marine microbial ecosystems directly, since metabolic rates (e.g., photosynthesis, respiration) are temperature‐dependent, but temperature also has indirect effects mediated through changes to the physical environment. Empirical observations of long‐term trends in biomass and productivity measure integrated response these two kinds effects, making independent components difficult disentangle. We used a combination modeling approaches isolate direct...
Abstract Mixotrophs, organisms that combine photosynthesis and heterotrophy to gain energy, play an important role in global biogeochemical cycles. Metabolic theory predicts mixotrophs will become more heterotrophic with rising temperatures, potentially creating a positive feedback loop accelerates carbon dioxide accumulation the atmosphere. Studies testing this have focused on phenotypically plastic (short‐term, non‐evolutionary) thermal responses of mixotrophs. However, as small short...
Background. The extent to which ectomycorrhizal fungi mediate primary production, carbon storage, and nutrient remineralization in terrestrial ecosystems depends upon fungal community composition. However, the factors that govern composition at root system scale are not well understood. Here, we explore a potential tradeoff between competitive ability enzymatic function. Methods. We grew Pinus muricata (Bishop Pine) seedlings association with from three different genera fully factorial...
Using a high sensitivity differential scanning calorimeter in isothermal mode, we directly measured heat production eukaryotic protists from 5 phyla spanning over orders of magnitude carbon biomass and 8 cell volume. Our results reveal that metabolic normalized to mass is virtually constant these organisms, with median 0.037 pW pg C −1 (95% confidence interval = 0.022–0.061 ) at °C. Contrary allometric models, the relationship between content or surface area isometric (scaling exponents,...
Mesodinium rubrum (=Myrionecta rubra), a marine ciliate, acquires plastids, mitochondria, and nuclei from cryptophyte algae. Using strain of M. isolated McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, we investigated the photoacclimation potential this trophically unique organism at range low irradiance levels. The compensation growth for was 0.5 μmol quanta · m(-2) s(-1) , rate saturated ∼20 . displayed trends in photosynthetic efficiency pigment content characteristic phototrophs. Maximum chl a-specific rates...
Abstract Standing dead structures of habitat‐forming organisms (e.g., trees, coral skeletons, oyster shells) killed by a disturbance are material legacies that can affect ecosystem recovery processes. Many ecosystems subject to different types either remove biogenic or leave them intact. Here we used mathematical model quantify how the resilience reef may be differentially affected following structure‐removing and structure‐retaining events, focusing in particular on potential for regime...
While plankton are often characterized by metabolism as either phototrophic primary producers or heterotrophic consumers, many actually combine photosynthesis and phagotrophy within a single cell. These “mixotrophic” plankton, which play an important biogeochemical role in marine food webs, exhibit diverse metabolic strategies with varied contributions from phagotrophy. Mixotrophs co-exist specialist phototrophs heterotrophs, competing for shared resources; yet we do not know how this...
Abstract Mixotrophs are ubiquitous and integral to microbial food webs, but their impacts on the dynamics functioning of broader ecosystems largely unresolved. Here, we show that mixotrophy produces a unique type web module exhibits unusual ecological dynamics, with surprising consequences for carbon flux under warming. We develop generalizable model mixotrophic incorporates dynamic switching between phototrophy phagotrophy assess total system CO 2 flux. find warming switches systems...
Most mutualisms in nature involve interactions between multispecies mutualist guilds and multiple partner species. While mechanisms such as niche partitioning can explain part of this diversity, the presence low-quality partners, which produce relatively low returns on investment compared with other guild members, is not well understood. Here, we consider a novel explanation for persistence: that partners are actively maintained by their hosts growth-maximizing strategy, even higher-quality...
Community interactions (e.g., predation, competition) can be characterized by two factors: their strengths and how they are structured between within species. Both factors play a role in determining community dynamics. In addition to trophic interactions, dispersal acts as an interaction separate populations. As with other the structure of affect stability system. However, primary that has been studied consumer-resource models hierarchical dispersal, where between-patch rates increase level....