Walkability describes the capacity of built environment to support walking for various purposes. This paper construction and validation two objective walkability indexes Sydney, Australia.Walkability using residential density, intersection land use mix, with without retail floor area ratio were calculated 5,858 Sydney Census Collection Districts in a geographical information system. Associations between variables evaluated Spearman's rho (ρ). Internal consistency factor structure estimated...

Planning and transport agencies play a vital role in influencing the design of townscapes, travel modes behaviors, which turn impact on walkability neighbourhoods residents' physical activity opportunities. Optimising neighbourhood is desirable built environments, however, population health benefits may be offset by increased exposure to traffic related air pollution. This paper describes spatial distribution weighted road density, marker for pollution, Sydney, Australia. As pollution...

Background The resurgence of infectious syphilis in men who have sex with (MSM) has been documented worldwide; however, HIV coinfection and reinfections MSM inner Sydney not published. Methods: For all laboratory notifications assessed as a newly notified case or reinfection, questionnaire was sent to the requesting physician seeking demographic data disease classification. Sex partner status were collected for received from 1 April 2006 March 2011. Results: From 2001 2011, 3664 new...

Background and objectiveGeneral practice electronic health records (EHRs) are a rich source of primary care data that can be used for important research.The aim this qualitative study was to analyse the attitudes Australian general practitioners (GPs) use extracted from EHRs clinical research. MethodsSemi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 GPs.Interviews recorded, transcribed thematically analysed. ResultsTwo main themes emerged.The custodian role encompassed GPs' determination...

In February, 2008, the South Eastern Sydney Illawarra Public Health Unit investigated an outbreak of cryptosporidiosis within south east region Sydney, Australia. Thirty-one cases with laboratory-confirmed and 97 age- geographically matched controls selected by random digit dialling were recruited into a case-control study interviewed for infection risk factors. Cryptosporidiosis was associated swimming at Facility A (matched odds ratio = 19.4, 95% confidence interval: 3.7-100.8) exposure to...

Background Overweight and obesity lead to higher probability of individuals accessing primary care but adiposity estimates are rarely available at regional levels inform health service planning. This paper analyses a large, community-derived clinical database objectively measured body mass index (BMI) explore relationships with area-level socioeconomic disadvantage for informing level planning activities. Materials Methods The study included 91776 adults who had BMI between 1 July 2009 30...

To evaluate the effectiveness of a brief intervention using pedometer and step-recording diary on promoting physical activity in people with type 2 diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT).People IGT who attended Illawarra Diabetes Service were invited to participate. Participants group received record their daily steps for two-week period. Both comparison advice activity. Physical levels measured Active Australia Survey at baseline, two 20 weeks.A total 226 participants recruited. At...

Individual-level studies support a positive relation between walkable built environments and participation in moderate-intensity walking. However, the utility of this evidence for population-level planning is less clear as it derived at much finer spatial scales than those used regional programming. The aims study were to: evaluate if individual-level relations walkability walking to improve health manifest scales; assess specificity area-level relative other moderate vigorous physical...

The role of routine intraoperative cholangiograms (IOCs) for prevention bile duct injury (BDI) is contentious. There are recent reports limited utility IOC in preventing BDI. In Australia, IOCs used more frequently than internationally. This study aimed to evaluate the rate use Australia and explore potential changes practice light evolving evidence IOC.Data were collated using service item numbers Medicare Benefits Scheme records on Australian Government website, services claimed between 1...

Between 2005 and 2010, Australian notification rates for chlamydia infection increased by 64% from 203 to 333 per 100 000 population.Interpreting this trend is difficult without examining local patterns of testing.We examined the effect adjusting testing on trends in New South Wales (NSW), Australia 2000 2010.Methods: We used data NSW residents Medicare Benefits Schedule items 1 July 1999 30 June 2007 2010.This set excluded public sector laboratories.We also obtained laboratory-confirmed...

Walkability describes the capacity of built environment to promote walking, and has been proposed as a potential focus for community-level mental health planning. We evaluated this possibility by examining contribution area-level walkability variation in psychosocial distress population cohort at spatial scales comparable those used regional planning Sydney, Australia. Data on were analysed 91,142 respondents 45 Up Study baseline survey between January 2006 April 2009. fit conditional auto...

Improving the walkability of built environments to promote healthy lifestyles and reduce high body mass is increasingly considered in regional development plans. Walkability indexes have potential inform, benchmark monitor these plans if they are associated with variation outcomes at spatial scales used for health urban planning. We assessed relationships between area-level prevalence geographic overweight obesity using an Australian population-based cohort comprising 92,157 Sydney...

This article describes a prospective health impact assessment (HIA) on local government environmental management plan, the Shellharbour Foreshore Management Plan (SFM Plan). The outcomes of interest were physical activity and social cohesion.The procedures undertaken include: screening; scoping; potential impacts; negotiation; decision-making. positive negative impacts SFM assessed opportunities to enhance mitigate identified.Implementation was supported as HIA showed benefit residents...

This study examined the association between neighbourhood socioeconomic disadvantage and serious mental illness (SMI)–type 2 diabetes (T2D) comorbidity in an Australian population using routinely collected clinical data. We hypothesised that is positively associated with T2D SMI. The analysis considered 3816 individuals SMI living Illawarra Shoalhaven regions of NSW, Australia, 2010 2017. Multilevel logistic regression models accounting for suburb (neighbourhood) level clustering were used...

Objectives The primary aim of this study was to describe the geography serious mental illness (SMI)–type 2 diabetes comorbidity (T2D) in Illawarra-Shoalhaven region NSW, Australia. Secondary objective determine geographic concordance if any, between and single diagnosis SMI diabetes. Methods Spatial analytical techniques were applied clinical data explore above objectives. variation determined by Moran’s I at global level local clusters significance Local spatial scan statistic. Choropleth...

Objective: Endoscopic upper urinary tract instrumentation is a common urological procedure; often associated with prior ureteric stenting and postoperative urosepsis. This study aimed to explore the clinical utility of preoperative urine intraoperative stent cultures in management urosepsis post instrumentation. Methods: Prospective involving pre-stented patients whose was instrumented at single centre between 2017 2018. Five were collected per patient. Patients tracked for development...

Introduction Metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) warrant significant public health concern globally. This study aims to utilise the regional database of a major laboratory network describe geographic distribution pattern eight different cardiometabolic (CMRFs), which in turn can potentially generate hypotheses future research into locality specific preventive approaches. Method A cross-sectional design utilising de-identified data on CMRFs including fasting blood sugar...

Objectives The aim of the present study was to determine association between area-level socioeconomic disadvantage and glycaemic-related risk in health service users Illawarra-Shoalhaven region New South Wales, Australia. Methods HbA1c values recorded 2010 2012 for non-pregnant individuals aged ≥18 years were extracted from Southern.IML Research (SIMLR) database. Individuals assigned quintiles Socioeconomic Indices Australia (SEIFA) Index Relative Disadvantage (IRSD) according their...

Background Symptomatic para‐oesophageal hiatus (PEH) hernias are treated by surgical intervention, and associated with older age (>50 years) higher body mass index (>25 kg/m 2 ). Both risk factors increasing within the Australian population. Given these trends, this study aimed to determine if rate of PEH repair is Australia. Methods The used publically available Medicare Benefits Scheme service data for operations claimed under item number 31468 (PEH hernia, of, complete reduction...

Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the association between neighborhood characteristics and type 2 diabetes (T2D) comorbidity in serious mental illness (SMI). We investigated associations neighborhood-level crime, accessibility health care services, availability green spaces, obesity, fast food with SMI-T2D comorbidity. Method: A series multilevel logistic regression models accounting for clustering were used 5 variables comorbidity, sequentially adjusting individual-level...