Freeform liquid three-dimensional printing (FL-3DP) is a promising new additive manufacturing process that uses yield stress gel as temporary support, enabling the processing of broader class inks into complex geometries, including those with low viscosities or long solidification kinetics were previously not processable. However, full exploitation these advantages for fabrication multilateral structures has been hindered by difficulties in controlling interfaces between and supports. In...

Passive mechanosensing is an energy-efficient and effective recourse for autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) perceiving their surroundings. The passive sensory organs of aquatic animals have provided inspiration to biomimetic researchers developing sensing systems AUVs. This work inspired by the 'integumentary organs' (ISOs) which are dispersed on skin crocodiles equipped with slowly adapting (SA) rapidly (RA) receptors. ISOs assist in locating origin a disturbance, both water surface...

Blind cavefishes are known to detect objects through hydrodynamic vision enabled by arrays of biological flow sensors called neuromasts. This work demonstrates the development a MEMS artificial neuromast sensor that features 3D polymer hair cell extends into ambient flow. The is monolithically fabricated at center 2 μm thick silicon membrane photo-patterned with full-bridge bias circuit. Ambient variations exert drag force on cell, which causes displacement sensing membrane. in turn leads...

Soft grippers are garnering increasing attention for their adeptness in conforming to diverse objects, particularly delicate items, without warranting precise force control. This attribute proves especially beneficial unstructured environments and dynamic tasks such as food handling. Human hands, owing elevated dexterity motor control, exhibit the ability delicately manipulate complex small or fragile by dynamically adjusting grasping configurations. Furthermore, with rich sensory receptors...

Inspired by morphological structure of ciliated receptor cells, we design, fabricate and characterize a miniaturized MEMS (microelectromechanical systems) chemical sensor with micropillar electrode array, which mimics the biological function shark's olfactory sensor. To our best knowledge, this is first time shark inspired has been proposed. Electrochemical experiments bio-inspired show excellent redox repeatability accuracy under wide range scan rates. Measurement lead ions yields...

Soft robotics hardware, with numerous applications ranging from health care to exploration of unstructured environments, suffers limited life cycles, which lead waste generation and poor sustainability. robots combine soft or hybrid components via complex assembly disassembly workflows, complicate the repair broken components, hinder upgradability, ultimately reduce their spans. In this work, an advanced extrusion-based additive manufacturing process, in situ free-form liquid...

This paper presents a miniaturized MEMS (microelectromechanical systems)-based electrochemical aptasensor, which utilizes aptamer as the recognition element for simple, sensitive and rapid detection of norovirus. The novelty this work is integration micro fabrication technology with aptamers to develop portable sensor environmental pathogen monitoring. binding capability between on-chip sensing electrodes was investigated performance proposed aptasensor evaluated respect response different...

This paper presents the development of a chemical sensor which was microfabricated on top liquid crystal polymer (LCP) substrate. As result unique material properties LCP, showed favorable flexibility as well operational reliability. These features demonstrate potential for integration into automated sensing vehicles to achieve real-time detection. The consists gold working electrode, silver/silver chloride reference and counter electrode. electrode further modified with bismuth...

Abstract This paper presents the development of a thin‐film quasi‐reference electrode (tQRE), which was fabricated by sputtering silver (Ag) on conducting gold layer. The Ag layer subsequently covered chloride (AgCl) with aid e‐beam evaporation. functionality tQREs as reliable reference electrodes confirmed observing potential response in solutions various ion concentrations. influence solution pH change evaluated. In controlled ionic strength, were able to provide stable and consistent...

Recent advances in flexible electronics, soft sensors and actuators are paving the way towards replacing hard printed circuit boards for counterparts various applications (e.g. robotics, wearable devices, etc.). The need to achieve robust electrical connections between both traditional rigid components poses many challenges. In particular, in-extensiblility of commercially available interconnects single/multi-strand conductive wires, metallic tapes, etc.) can affect structural properties...

This paper reports development of a novel, flexible hydrogel based capacitive pressure sensor. It features simple design thin film sandwiched between two gold electrodes. The sensor shows linear increase in output with pressure. microporous network enables high water retention while its and stretchable structure ensures usage over large areas. These factors, combined stability water, make it an ideal candidate for underwater applications. Further, the physical chemical properties hydrogels...

In nature, there exist numerous and diverse, highly sensitive well-evolved biological hair cell sensors which work on the principles of mechanotransduction, serving various sensing needs. This presents a flexible biomimetic smart skin self-powered piezoelectric flow capable underwater phenomena. We developed 2D array 20 MEMS arranged in 4×5 pattern spanning foot-print 30mm×40mm. Experimental results demonstrate ability individual to detect velocities as low 8.24μm/s. The is determining...

This work is inspired by the `Dome Pressure Receptors' (DPRs), which are scattered on skin of crocodiles, assisting them to locate origin disturbance, both water surface [1] and inside [2]; thereby enabling hunt preys even in dark environment turbid waters. In this study, a dome structure embedded with piezoelectric pressure sensors constructed, carries out mechano-receptive function DPRs for direction detection. The experimental results demonstrate that proposed could determine disturbance.

The suction capabilities of octopuses' arms are an evolutionary marvel in surface adhesion that have long fascinated scientists and engineers soft robotics. In this study, we report the design fabrication a pad inspired by suckers octopus O. vulgaris. houses several pores connected to vacuum system on one end covered membrane other end. is used as interface between payloads. Vacuum actuation strains resulting secondary passive space payload. Material composition geometric parameters were...

Hemispherical arrays have inherent advantages that allow simultaneous detection of flow speed and direction due to their shape. Though MEMS technology has progressed leaps bounds, fabrication array sensors on a hemispherical surface is still challenge. In this work, novel approach constructing presented which employs technique contractively wrapping with flexible liquid crystal polymer petals. This also leverages the offerings from rapid prototyping established standard processes....

This paper presents a compact and disposable electrochemical sensor which can be batch fabricated by standard microfabrication technology. The proposed has the potential to directly deployed for measuring water hardness, is mainly contributed dissolved calcium (Ca) magnesium (Mg) ions. analytical performance of evaluated through experiments. experimental results indicate that capable detecting Ca Mg ions down 1 ppm with linear detection range from 10 50 ppm.

Crocodiles possess dome shaped pressure receptors called integumentary sensory organs (ISOs) on their skin, which assist crocodiles in sensing flows and locating the origin of disturbances created by movements other animals. The surface each ISO is equipped with mechanoreceptors free nerve endings, together carry out task receiving mechanical stimulus. Inspired ISOs crocodiles, a five piezoresistive sensors mounted its constructed ability to detect an object moving vicinity explored. A...

The increasing demand for food production cou-pled with a shortage of labor in the agricultural sector has underscored critical need capable autonomous grasping solutions. This presents formidable research challenge due to unstructured and delicate nature environments. Soft grippers, their hyperelastic material properties, offer an ideal solution handling harvests without causing damage, all while obviating precise force control. Current robotic end-effectors employed harvesting tasks...

This study proposes a systematic design approach to 3D print soft mechanical metamaterials by tuning material flow behavior and using optimal toolpaths parameters. Planar printing tool paths, utilized in layer‐by‐layer such as fused deposition modeling (FDM) prevalently used most slicing algorithms, severely limit the realization of complex topologies required metamaterials. Utilizing parametric principles, proposed employs discrete continuous freeform paths for supported unsupported direct...

Soft robotics is an exciting new field of that replaces stiff components with soft materials and actuators, making it ideal way to design robotic companions. Robotic companions are becoming common can be helpful in treating patients dementia by providing comfort, a sense companionship, promoting healthier lifestyle. This work presents companion uses acupuncture acupressure principles facilitate relaxation its users. Inspired the hedgehog, robot provides unique interaction mode functional...