Precipitation is one of the essential variables in rainfall-runoff modeling. For hydrological purposes, most commonly used data sources precipitation are rain gauges and weather radars. Recently, multi-satellite estimates have gained importance thanks to emergence Integrated Multisatellite Retrievals for Global Measurement (IMERG GPM), a successor very successful Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) mission which has been providing high-quality almost two decades. Hydrological modeling...

Introduction. Basic Equations. Perfectly and Nonperfectly Layered Basins. Large-Scale Flow Parameters: Transmissivity Conductivity. Introduction to Systems Analysis. Transport of Dissolved Matter. The System-Analytical View Groundwater Transport. Numerical Modeling. Computer Aspects. Examples Applications. Bibliography. Appendices: From the Navier-Stokes Equations Darcy's Law. Derivation Vector Field Caused by Horizontal Gradients in Fluid Density. Small-Scale Functions Finite Element Method. Index.

Modelling of water flow in the hyporheic zone and calculations exchange between groundwater surface waters are important issues modern environmental research. The article presents Analytical Hyporheic Flux approach (AHF) permitting calculation amount zone, including vertical seepage through streambed horizontal river banks. outcome model, namely fluxes, is compared with corresponding results from numerical model SEEP2D simple Darcy-type model. errors AHF a range 11–16%, depend on aspect...

When considering three-dimensional groundwater flow, the hydrogeological community widely uses MODFLOW model based on head-oriented approach (HOA). However, a great deal of situations requires an extremely accurate assessment Darcy velocity in three dimensions. Despite good numerical approximation piezometric head offered by MODFLOW, it does not guarantee sufficient accuracy estimating all components flow velocity. As alternative, this article presents MODFLOW-based velocity-oriented (VOA),...

Abstract An overview is presented of scale problems in groundwater flow, with emphasis on upscaling hydraulic conductivity, being a brief summary the conventional approach some attention paid to recently emerged approaches. The focus essential aspects which may be an advantage comparison occasionally extremely extensive summaries literature. In present paper concept introduced as indispensable part system analysis applied hydrogeology. illustrated simple hydrogeological for definitions four...

This article describes a new interpretation of the Fermentation Tube Test (FTT) performed on water samples drawn from natural waters polluted by faecal bacteria. A novel general procedure to calculate Most Probable Number bacteria (MPN) in has been derived for FTT both direct and independent repetitive multiple sampling. The generalization based solving newly proposed equation allows consideration any priori frequency distribution g(n) bacterial concentration analysed as opposed unbounded...