A5049411008- Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments
- Estrogen and related hormone effects
- Vitamin D Research Studies
- Diet and metabolism studies
- Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Cancer Risks and Factors
- Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
- Vitamin C and Antioxidants Research
- Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Nutrition, Genetics, and Disease
- Birth, Development, and Health
- Bone health and osteoporosis research
- Phytoestrogen effects and research
- Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Cancer, Lipids, and Metabolism
- Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity
- Physical Activity and Health
- Consumer Attitudes and Food Labeling
- Sex and Gender in Healthcare
- Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
- Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
Harvard University
2016-2025
Brigham and Women's Hospital
2016-2025
Fred Hutch Cancer Center
2010-2024
University of Washington
2000-2024
Brown University
2010-2024
Boston University
1986-2024
Wake Forest University
2003-2024
University of North Dakota
2024
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
2005-2024
University of California, San Diego
2000-2024
ContextInflammation is hypothesized to play a role in development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM); however, clinical data addressing this issue are limited.ObjectiveTo determine whether elevated levels the inflammatory markers interleukin 6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) associated with DM healthy middle-aged women.DesignProspective, nested case-control study.SettingThe Women's Health Study, an ongoing US primary prevention, randomized trial initiated 1992.ParticipantsFrom nationwide...
This article summarizes the new 2011 report on dietary requirements for calcium and vitamin D from Institute of Medicine (IOM). An IOM Committee charged with determining population needs these nutrients in North America conducted a comprehensive review evidence both skeletal extraskeletal outcomes. The concluded that available scientific supports key role health, consistent cause-and-effect relationship providing sound basis determination intake requirements. For outcomes, including cancer,...
Previous studies have examined individual dietary and lifestyle factors in relation to type 2 diabetes, but the combined effects of these are largely unknown.
Observational studies suggest that people who consume more fruits and vegetables containing beta carotene have somewhat lower risks of cancer cardiovascular disease, earlier basic research suggested plausible mechanisms. Because large randomized trials long duration were necessary to test this hypothesis directly, we conducted a trial supplementation.In randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled (50 mg on alternate days), enrolled 22,071 male physicians, 40 84 years age, in the United...
Interest in the antioxidant vitamin E as a possible protective nutrient against coronary disease has intensified with recognition that oxidized low-density lipoprotein may be involved atherogenesis.
The relation between body weight and overall mortality remains controversial despite considerable investigation.
The effect of postmenopausal estrogen therapy on the risk cardiovascular disease remains controversial. Our 1985 report in Journal, based four years follow-up, suggested that reduced coronary heart disease, but a published simultaneously from Framingham Study was increased. In addition, studies estrogens stroke have yielded conflicting results.
Recent randomized clinical trials have suggested that estrogen plus progestin does not confer cardiac protection and may increase the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). In this report, we provide final results with regard to CHD from Women's Health Initiative (WHI).
Randomized trials have shown that low-dose aspirin decreases the risk of a first myocardial infarction in men, with little effect on ischemic stroke. There are few similar data women.We randomly assigned 39,876 initially healthy women 45 years age or older to receive 100 mg alternate days placebo and then monitored them for 10 major cardiovascular event (i.e., nonfatal infarction, stroke, death from causes).During follow-up, 477 events were confirmed group, as compared 522 nonsignificant...
The efficacy of calcium with vitamin D supplementation for preventing hip and other fractures in healthy postmenopausal women remains equivocal.We recruited 36,282 women, 50 to 79 years age, who were already enrolled a Women's Health Initiative (WHI) clinical trial. We randomly assigned participants receive 1000 mg elemental [corrected] as carbonate 400 IU D3 daily or placebo. Fractures ascertained an average follow-up period 7.0 years. Bone density was measured at three WHI centers.Hip bone...
Many lifestyle-related risk factors for coronary heart disease have been identified, but little is known about their effect on the of when they are considered together.
The relation between dietary intake of specific types fat, particularly trans unsaturated and the risk coronary disease remains unclear. We therefore studied this in women enrolled Nurses' Health Study.
The timing of initiation hormone therapy may influence its effect on cardiovascular disease.To explore whether the effects risk disease vary by age or years since menopause began.Secondary analysis Women's Health Initiative (WHI) randomized controlled trials in which 10,739 postmenopausal women who had undergone a hysterectomy were to conjugated equine estrogens (CEE) placebo and 16,608 not CEE plus medroxyprogesterone acetate (CEE + MPA) placebo. Women aged 50 79 recruited study from 40 US...
The effect of adding progestins to estrogen therapy on the risk breast cancer in postmenopausal women is controversial.
We examined the incidence of nonfatal and fatal coronary heart disease in relation to obesity a prospective cohort study 115,886 U.S. women who were 30 55 years age 1976 free diagnosed disease, stroke, cancer. During eight follow-up (775,430 person-years), we identified 605 first events, including 306 myocardial infarctions, 83 deaths due 216 cases confirmed angina pectoris.
Background: Many constituents of fruits and vegetables may reduce the risk for coronary heart disease, but data on relationship between fruit vegetable consumption disease are sparse. Objective: To evaluate association with disease. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: The Nurses' Health Study Professionals' Follow-Up Study. Participants: 84 251 women 34 to 59 years age who were followed 14 42 148 men 40 75 8 years. All free diagnosed cardiovascular cancer, diabetes at baseline....
It is unclear whether supplementation with vitamin D reduces the risk of cancer or cardiovascular disease, and data from randomized trials are limited.
The role of walking, as compared with vigorous exercise, in the prevention cardiovascular disease remains controversial. Data for women who are members minority racial or ethnic groups particularly sparse.
Estrogen therapy in postmenopausal women has been associated with a decreased risk of heart disease. There is little information, however, about the effect combined estrogen and progestin on cardiovascular
Background— Rheumatoid arthritis may be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. We compared the incidence rates myocardial infarction and stroke in subjects without rheumatoid arthritis. Methods Results— A prospective cohort study was conducted among 114 342 women participating Nurses’ Health Study who were free disease at baseline 1976. All self-reported cases confirmed by medical record review. Fatal nonfatal infarctions strokes similarly confirmed. Multivariate pooled...
Postmenopausal hormone therapy has both benefits and hazards, including decreased risks of osteoporosis cardiovascular disease an increased risk breast cancer.
Few studies have simultaneously investigated the role of soluble tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) receptors types 1 and 2 (sTNF-R1 sTNF-R2), C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 as predictors cardiovascular events. The value these inflammatory markers independent remains controversial.We examined plasma levels sTNF-R1, sTNF-R2, interleukin-6, protein risk for coronary heart disease among women participating in Nurses' Health Study men Professionals Follow-up nested case-control analyses....