It is often difficult to obtain sufficient training data for adaptive signal detection, which required calculate the unknown noise covariance matrix. Additionally, interference frequently present, complicates detecting issue. We provide a two-step method, termed cancellation before detection (ICBD), address issue of in Gaussian and subspace interference. The first involves projecting test interference-orthogonal order suppress Utilizing traditional detector design ideas next stage. Due...

Polarimetric whitening filter (PWF) can be used to polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) images improve the contrast between ships and sea clutter background. For this reason, output of detect ships. This paper deals with setting threshold over PolSAR filtered by PWF. Two parameter-constant false alarm rate (2P-CFAR) is a common detection method on whitened images. It assumes that probability density function (PDF) image intensity characterized log-normal distribution. However,...

The utilization of polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) enables the preservation more comprehensive target scattering characteristics compared to conventional SAR. Despite significant advancements in deep learning (DL) technology for single SAR ship detection, there remains a scarcity DL research specifically focused on PolSAR detection. This paper proposed Lightweight Theory-Driven Network (LT-Net) combining domain knowledge and techniques, which is suitable detect small targets...

Constant false alarm rate (CFAR) algorithms using a local training window are widely used for ship detection with synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery. However, when the density of targets is high, such as in busy shipping lines and crowded harbors, background statistics may be contaminated by presence nearby window. Recently, robust CFAR detector based on truncated (TS) was proposed. truncation data format polarimetric covariance matrices much more complicated respect to intensity (single...

A challenging issue in the field of marine remote sensing is application polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) to small ship detection complicated environments. Several outstanding detectors (such as optimal detector, whitening filter, and notch etc.), have been effectively implemented practical applications. linear combination model based on quadratic optimization summarized establish a general framework for detectors, transitioning PolSAR target from driven approach hybrid...

The detection of small ships in polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) images is still a topic for further investigation. Recently, patch techniques, such as superpixel-level detection, have stimulated wide interest because they can use the information contained similarities among neighboring pixels. In this article, we propose novel neighborhood covariance matrix (NPCM) to detect PolSAR images, leading significant improvement separability between ship targets and sea clutter. NPCM...

Ship wake detection using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery provides a way to obtain small marine ship information, but it often becomes unavailable and unreliable during high sea state. Polarimetric information potential solve this problem, which can enhance the target as well features. However, three challenges still exist in polarimetric SAR imagery: unwanted influences of bright singular points on detection, lack performance analysis by new-type enhancement methods, difficulty...

Abstract Deep neural networks combined with superpixel segmentation have proven to be superior high-resolution remote sensing image (HRI) classification. Currently, most HRI classification methods that combine deep learning and use stacking on multiple scales extract contextual information from segmented objects. However, this approach does not take into account the dependencies between each object. To solve problem, a joint Transformer (JST) framework is proposed for In JST, first objects...

Polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) is widely used in remote sensing and has important applications the detection of ships. Although many polarimetric detectors have been proposed, they are not well combined. Recently, a optimization filter (PDOF) was which performs most environments. In this study, novel subspace form PDOF [strict (SPDOF)] further developed based on Cauchy inequality matrix decomposition theories, enhancing performance. Furthermore, simple method to determine...

Ship detection is an important task in civil or military applications and we can use polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR). Many detectors were proposed achieved good performances particular environments, such as optimal detector (OPD), whitening filter (PWF), notch (PNF), optimization (PDOF) diagonal loading (DLD) etc. Up to know, the analytical links among different have not been found. In this work, above are unified mathematical forms a general framework of based on quadratic...

Compact polarimetric target detection is currently attracting increasing interest due to the generation of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems. Recently, notch filter (PNF) has been demonstrated be effective for ship in both full-polarization and compact polarization-mode SAR images. In this paper, probability density function (PDF) false alarms (PFA) PNF are derived K-Wishart case (where texture obeys gamma distribution) since K distributions suitable many scenes including sea clutter....

Polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) is an important tool for marine remote sensing. In the past two decades, subaperture decomposition considered as alternative method to extract ship targets, especially in complex conditions where detection based on intensity performs not well. The introduction of polarization information can enhance ability radar. combination sublook techniques and will lead more precise target extraction. first methods jointly using polarimetric internal...

Ship detection using polarimetric synthetic radar (PolSAR) imagery attracts a lot of attention in recent years. Most notably, the detector notch filter (PNF) has been demonstrated to be effective for ship PolSAR imagery, which gives excellent performances. In this work, mathematical form one new PNF (NPNF) based on physical mechanisms targets and clutter is further developed partial targets. The different have revealed projection matrix. experimental results including simulated measured data...

The detection of small ships in polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) images is still a topic for further investigation.Recently, patch techniques, such as superpixel-level detection, have stimulated wide interest because they can use the information contained similarities among neighboring pixels.In this paper, we propose novel neighborhood covariance matrix (NPCM) to detect PolSAR images, leading significant improvement separability between ship targets and sea clutter.The NPCM...

Constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detector is a common method for ship detection in polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) image. CFAR detectors greatly depend on the clutter modeling which can be easily affected by contamination caused both lower- and higher-intensity outliers such as spilled oil, intensive targets so on. Traditional perform pixel-by-pixel manner ignores spatial information. Both bias absence of information degrade target performance. In this study, superpixel-level...

In order to detect ships from the imagery of polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR), a neighborhood covariance matrix (for simplicity, we call it [<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N$ </tex-math></inline-formula>] hereinafter) was recently constructed. However, its calculation process is time-consuming and backscattering heterogeneity near ship edges also not well considered. For curing these shortcomings, here propose two novel superpixel-based matrices. brief, first...

The acquisition and utilization of polarization information is an open topic because plays a significant role in many fields, such as radar target detection, classification, recognition, synthetic aperture (SAR) imaging, anti-jamming, etc. Inspired by the bat sound waveform combined with properties stepped linear frequency modulation (SLFM) signal, this article, novel waveform, namely, simultaneous SLFM (SSLFM), which can be used for small airborne spaceborne polarimetric SAR (PolSAR)...