Abstract. This study introduces a new approach to multi-hazard risk assessment, leveraging hypergraph theory model the interconnected risks posed by cascading natural hazards. Traditional single-hazard models fail account for complex interrelationships and compounding effects of multiple simultaneous or sequential By conceptualising within framework, our overcomes these limitations, enabling efficient simulation interactions their impacts on infrastructure. We apply this 2015 Mw 7.8 Gorkha...

Abstract. Landslides triggered by large earthquakes in mountainous regions contribute significantly to overall earthquake losses and pose a major secondary hazard that can persist for months or years. While scientific investigations of coseismic landsliding are increasingly common, there is no protocol rapid (hours-to-days) humanitarian-facing landslide assessment published recognition what possible useful compile immediately after the event. Drawing on 2015 Mw 7.8 Gorkha Nepal, we consider...

Abstract Nepal is one of the most landslide‐prone countries in world, with year‐on‐year impacts resulting loss life and imposing a chronic impediment to sustainable livelihoods. Living landslides daily reality for an increasing number people, so establishing nature landslide hazard risk essential. Here we develop model susceptibility use this generate nationwide geographical profile exposure rainfall‐triggered landslides. We using fuzzy overlay approach based on freely‐available topographic...

ABSTRACT A range of techniques have become established for the visualization and analysis airborne LiDAR elevation data within field archaeology. In this paper we discuss test representing archaeological features in a variety terrains using suite techniques, all available through generic geographical information system or image processing software. These comprise shading constrained colour ramps, slope analysis, hill‐shading, principal component multi‐azimuth local relief models solar...

Abstract. Current methods to identify coseismic landslides immediately after an earthquake using optical imagery are too slow effectively inform emergency response activities. Issues with cloud cover, data collection and processing, manual landslide identification mean even the most rapid mapping exercises often incomplete when ends. In this study, we demonstrate how traditional empirical for modelling total distribution relative intensity (in terms of point density) landsliding can be...

The 2015 Mw 7.8 Gorkha, Nepal Earthquake triggered in excess of 20,000 landslides across 14 districts Central and Western Nepal. Whilst the instantaneous impact these was significant, ongoing effect earthquake on changing potential for rainfall-triggered landsliding months years that followed has remained poorly understood challenging to predict. To provide insight into how evolved since earthquake, it impacted those living affected area, a detailed time-series landslide mapping campaign...

Abstract Coseismic landslides are a major hazard associated with large earthquakes in mountainous regions. Despite growing evidence for their widespread impacts and persistence, current understanding of the evolution landsliding over time after earthquakes, that these pose, role mountain sediment cascade remains limited. To address this, we present first systematic multi‐temporal landslide inventory to span full rupture area continental earthquake across pre‐, co‐ post‐seismic periods. We...

This paper presents a remote sensing-based method to efficiently generate multi-temporal landslide inventories and identify recurrent persistent landslides. We used free data from Landsat, nighttime lights, digital elevation models, convolutional neural network model develop the first multi-decadal inventory of landslides across Himalaya, spanning 1992 2021. The successfully delineated >265,000 landslides, accurately identifying 83 % manually mapped areas 94 reported events in region....

Abstract Landslides are one of the most damaging natural hazards and have killed tens thousands people around world over past decade. Slow‐moving landslides, with surface velocities on order 10 −2 –10 2 m a −1 , can damage buildings infrastructure be precursors to catastrophic collapses. However, due their slow rates deformation at times subtle geomorphic signatures, they often overlooked in local large‐scale hazard inventories. Here, we present remote‐sensing workflow automatically map...

Abstract The authors assess the potential contribution of lidar surveys to national inventories archaeological resources (‘Historic Environment Records’), and compare relative costs sensitivity aerial photography.

Earthquake-triggered landslides show three important characteristics: they are often responsible for a considerable proportion of the damage sustained during mountain region earthquakes, non-randomly distributed across space, and continue to evolve in years after earthquake. Despite this, planning future earthquakes rarely takes into consideration either or their evolution with time. Here we couple unique timeseries mapped between 2014–2020 area Nepal impacted by 2015 M w 7.8 Gorkha...

Abstract Methods for mapping and determining the condition of archaeological resources while they are still underground have been in development nearly half a century. The authors here offer an example from frontiers art: application package remote sensing procedures not only designed to locate sites but model valley deposits which contain cover them. variation success different methods offers guide design evaluation projects on sand gravel terrain everywhere.

Abstract Archaeological applications of airborne lidar topographic data are now well known and documented in the academic literature. Rather less explored by archaeologists potential intensity data. In this paper we explore application for geoarchaeological prospection river valley floors. After briefly considering context archaeological remote sensing valleys, examine some factors influencing record processing steps that may be required to effectively utilize data, before reviewing utility...

Abstract This paper investigates the potential of multispectral methods airborne remote sensing for geological and archaeological prospection in river valleys, specifically archaeologically rich, well‐documented aggregate landscape middle Trent Valley East Midlands England. The reviews systematic examination Daedalus 1268 Airborne Thematic Mapper (ATM) Compact Spectrographic Imager (CASI) data. Data from a single flight along 1996 were subject to comprehensive suit analytical techniques...

Contemporary global metal mining is a source of environmental pollution, but in Britain it our historic industry that has left legacy contamination the landscape, around both immediate mine sites as well within river valley floors drain these orefields. It been estimated levels lead and zinc stored some northern British systems represent values comparable to present-day reserves economically viable ore deposits exposure them can be detrimental human health. Despite prevalence significance...

Abstract Earthquakes trigger widespread landsliding in tectonically active landscapes. The effects of strong ground shaking on hillslope stability persist into the post‐seismic stage; rates remain elevated years following an earthquake. mechanisms that control spatial pattern and rate ongoing are poorly constrained, hindering our ability to reliably forecast how landscapes landslide hazard evolve. To address this, we undertook a detailed geotechnical investigation which subjected...

Abstract Coseismic landslides represent the first stage of a broader cascading sequence geohazards associated with high‐magnitude continental earthquakes, subsequent remobilization coseismic landslide debris posing long‐term post‐seismic legacy in mountain regions. Here, we quantify controls on hazard posed by and runout, compare overlap between areas at risk runout pattern flows that actually occurred. Focusing 2015 M w 7.8 Gorkha earthquake Nepal, show extent area could be affected...

This paper outlines the use of geographical information systems for predicting possible implications future climate change (as suggested by General Circulation Models) on archaeological resource selected parts two major British river systems, Trent and Yorkshire Ouse. The effects climatic historic environment are likely to come from both natural 'system' responses, such as increased bank erosion valley floor sedimentation, well human adaptive responses manage impacts change. models described...