A5028076321- Cryospheric studies and observations
- Climate variability and models
- Climate change and permafrost
- Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies
- Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
- Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Marine and coastal ecosystems
- Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics
- Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Soil and Water Nutrient Dynamics
- Fish Ecology and Management Studies
- Geophysics and Gravity Measurements
- Forest ecology and management
- Hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir analysis
- Marine and environmental studies
- Hydrological Forecasting Using AI
- Aquatic Ecosystems and Phytoplankton Dynamics
- Plant Ecology and Soil Science
- Water Quality and Resources Studies
- Soil and Unsaturated Flow
Environment and Climate Change Canada
2013-2024
University of Glasgow
2022
University of Aberdeen
2020
University of Toronto
1995
City of Cape Town
1977
Abstract Version 3.1 of the Canadian Land Surface Scheme (CLASS) contains a number new algorithms significance for snow simulations in boreal forest. In particular, mixed precipitation is now modelled, density fresh varies with temperature and maximum snowpack depth. A model canopy interception unloading developed forest has also been implemented. this paper, nine‐month column runs CLASS are compared 2.7, current operational version. The span winter 2002–03 at three sites: mature aspen...
Abstract Snow accumulation and melt were observed at shrub tundra sites in the western Canadian Arctic. End of winter snow water equivalent (SWE) was higher site than site, but lower total snowfall because removed by blowing snow, a component also lost to sublimation. Removal from larger expected shrubs bent over covered during much winter. Although SWE disappeared similar time both sites, suggesting enhanced site. The Land Surface Scheme (CLASS) used explore processes controlling this melt....
Modeling studies examining the effect of lakes on regional and global climate, as well influence climate variability change aquatic ecosystems, are surveyed. Fully coupled atmosphere‐land surface‐lake models that could be used for both these types study simultaneously do not presently exist, though there many applications would benefit from such models. It is argued here current understanding physical biogeochemical processes in freshwater systems sufficient to begin construct models, a path...
Abstract Lakes are traditionally classified based on their thermal regime and trophic status. While this classification adequately captures many lakes, it is not sufficient to understand seasonally ice‐covered the most common lake type Earth. We describe inverse stratification in 19 highly varying lakes derive a model that predicts temperature profile as function of wind stress, area, depth. The results suggest an additional subdivision differentiate underice stratification. When ice forms...
Abstract An evaluation of the Canadian Land Surface Scheme (CLASS) 3.1 snow cover simulations at four sites included in Snow Model Intercomparison Project (SnowMIP) revealed that CLASS was able to provide realistic representations accumulation, melt and physical properties over a range climates. The modified aging parametrization provided improved snowpack density which resulted marked reduction root‐mean‐square (rms) error for daily depth, slight improvements surface temperature. still...
The complex multifactorial nature of AD pathogenesis has been highlighted by evidence implicating additional neurodegenerative mechanisms, beyond that amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau. To provide insight into cause effect, we here investigated the temporal profile associations pathological changes in synaptic, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress neuro-inflammatory markers. Quantifications were established via immunoblot immunohistochemistry protocols post-mortem lateral cortex (n = 46). All measures...
Abstract A one-dimensional dynamic lake model is presented as a candidate for simulating small unresolved lakes within the land surface scheme of regional or global climate model. This based largely on well-established process algorithms with some exceptions. The complete nonlinear energy balance computed in skin layer arbitrary thickness order to ensure rapid response times atmosphere. Turbulent mixing mixed achieved through stirring and buoyancy production well shear along diurnal...
Abstract A one-dimensional mixed layer dynamic lake model is enhanced with snow and ice physics for an examination of processes governing cover phenology in a small boreal lake. The complete snowpack module the Canadian Land Surface Scheme along new snow-ice parameterization have been added to Small Lake Model, detailed meteorological temperature profile data acquired forcing evaluation two wintertime simulations. During first winter, simulated ice-on ice-off biases were −3 −5 days,...
Abstract In this time of a changing climate, it is important to know whether lake levels will rise, potentially causing flooding, or river flows dry up during abnormally weather. The Great Lakes region the largest freshwater system in world. Moreover, agriculture, industry, commerce, and shipping are active densely populated region. Environment Climate Change Canada (ECCC) recently implemented Water Cycle Prediction System (WCPS) over St. Lawrence River watershed (WCPS-GLS version 1.0)...
Abstract. This study presents a new physical-biogeochemical modelling framework for simulating lake methane (CH4) emissions at regional scales. The model, FLaMe v1.0 (Fluxes of Lake Methane), rests on an innovative, computationally efficient clustering approach that enables the simulation CH4 across large number lakes. Building Canadian Small Model (CSLM) simulates physics, we develop suite biogeochemical modules to simulate transient dynamics organic Carbon (C), Oxygen (O2), and cycling. We...
In this study, we simulate three-dimensional transport of algal blooms in Lake Erie using a combination remote sensing and hydrodynamic modelling. The algorithms use data from the Sentinel-3 OLCI satellite sensor to derive chlorophyll-a concentration cyanobacteria Erie. derived initializes an bloom model driven by lake component Water Cycle Prediction System for Great Lakes, system coupled atmosphere-lake-hydrological models operated out Environment Climate Change Canada. is modelled as...
Abstract In most of Environment and Climate Change Canada's (ECCC) current operational systems, inland water physical processes are simulated using a simple scheme. Water surface temperatures ice cover fractions updated daily analyses. However, ECCC recognizes the need for interactive lakes in its weather environmental prediction such as those used to forecast conditions floods. As first step toward this goal, study evaluates impact Canadian Small Lake Model (CSLM) an offline context on...
Abstract This project attempted to develop an accurate baseline climatology for the Mackenzie basin suitable modelling and other evaluation applications in GEWEX (Global Energy Water Cycle Experiment) Study. Particular attention effort were applied adjusting observed station precipitation data order minimize systematic measurement errors. Various geostatistical methods interpolate onto a uniform grid. resulted datasets of 50‐km grid square values mean monthly temperature total years 1950...
The Canadian Regional Climate Model has been used to estimate surface water balance over the Mackenzie River basin during year 1998–99 in support of Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) Enhanced Study (CAGES). model makes use a developmental third-generation physics parameterization package from Centre for Modelling Analysis GCM, as well high-resolution land dataset. is simulated reasonably well, though annual mean daily maximum minimum temperatures were both colder than observed...
Ice-on date occurred significantly later over 1975–2009 at Dickie Lake, Ontario, while ice-off showed no significant trend, differing from many other records in North America. We examined the ice phenology using 3 modelling approaches: a lake-specific regression model to derive suite of local predictors; regionally derived test larger-scale and physically based, one-dimensional thermodynamic model. All models were also applied generate future cover scenarios. The revealed air temperature be...
Citizen science projects have a long history in ecological studies. The research usefulness of such is dependent on applying simple and standardized methods. Here, we conducted citizen project that involved more than 3500 Swedish high school students to examine the temperature difference between surface water overlying air (Tw-Ta) as proxy for sensible heat flux (QH). If QH directed upward, corresponding positive Tw-Ta, it can enhance CO2 CH4 emissions from inland waters, thereby...
Abstract The simulation of the snowmelt period in Arctic landscapes has been a long‐standing challenge for hydro‐logic and atmospheric models, largely due to high variability end‐of‐winter snowpacks. This study examines an approach improving spatial coupled land‐surface‐hydrology surface scheme (WATCLASS) during spring melt small basin representative large parts Canadian Siberian Arctic. Typical land‐surface model applications (such as global regional climate well single column experiments)...
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Abstract This study represents the first attempt at developing a comprehensive climatology of atmospheric and surface water energy budgets for Mackenzie River basin (MRB). Different observed, remotely sensed, (re)analyzed, modeled datasets were used to obtain independent estimates budgets. In particular, assimilated datasets, including National Centers Environmental Prediction Global Reanalysis 2 (NCEP-R2), global 40-yr European Centre Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Re-Analysis (ERA-40),...
Abstract. The Canadian Atmospheric Model version 5 (CanAM5) is the component of Earth System (CanESM5) which models atmospheric processes and coupling atmosphere with land lake models. Described in this paper are main features CanAM5, a focus on changes relative to last major scientific model (CanAM4). These mostly related improvements radiative transfer, clouds, aerosol parameterizations, as well upgrade surface carbon cycle addition small model. In parameterizations models, adjustable...
Abstract The Canadian Small Lake Model (CSLM), version 2, was run with the Land Surface Scheme (CLASS), 3.6.1, in an offline regional test over western Canada. Forcing data were derived from ERA-Interim and downscaled using fifth-generation Regional Climate (CRCM5). forcing precipitation field adjusted monthly Gridded Temperature Precipitation Anomalies (CANGRD) observation-based dataset. modeled surface air temperature evaluated against CANGRD data, albedo MODIS snow water equivalent...