Battery cells are the main components of a battery system for electric vehicle batteries. Depending on manufacturer, three different cell formats used in automotive sector (pouch, prismatic, and cylindrical). In last 3 years, cylindrical have gained strong relevance popularity among manufacturers, mainly driven by innovative designs, such as Tesla tabless design. This paper investigates 19 Li-ion from four manufacturers (18650, 20700, 21700, 4680). We aim to systematically capture design...

Thermal runaway of single cells within a large scale lithium-ion battery is well-known risk that can lead to critical situations if no counter measures are taken in today’s traction batteries for electric vehicles (BEVs), plug-in hybrid (PHEV) and (HEVs). The United Nations have published draft global technical regulation on vehicle safety (GTR EVS) describing feature warn passengers case thermal runaway. Fast reliable detection faulty undergoing the therefore key factor designs...

The research on aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIB) is getting more attention as the energy transition continues to develop and need for inexpensive safe stationary storage growing. As detailed reaction mechanisms are not conclusively revealed, we want take an alternative approach investigate importance of pH value changes during cycling. By adding a pH-indicator electrolyte (2 M ZnSO4 + 0.1 MnSO4), local pH-value change operation visualized in operando. overall was found increase cycling...

Electrolytes are key components in electrochemical storage systems, which provide an ion-transport mechanism between the cathode and anode of a cell. As battery technologies continuous development, there has been growing demand for more efficient, reliable environmentally friendly materials. Solid-state lithium ion batteries (SSLIBs) considered as next-generation energy systems solid electrolytes (SEs) these systems. Compared to liquid electrolytes, SEs thermally stable (safer), less toxic...

Accurate forecasting of the lifetime and degradation mechanisms lithium-ion batteries is crucial for their optimization, management, safety while preventing latent failures. However, typical state estimations are challenging due to complex dynamic cell parameters wide variations in usage conditions. Physics-based models need a tradeoff between accuracy complexity vast parameter requirements, machine-learning require large training datasets may fail when generalized unseen scenarios. To...

The expansion of particles continues to present a challenge the mechanical integrity silicon-containing anodes, especially as their elemental silicon content has continued increase. By applying external pressure, anode and cell stack can be stabilized. Therefore, in this study, materials SiOx Si-C were investigated composite with graphite under varying resistance, which influences pressure development. performing long-term aging study at pouch level an NMC811 cathode, microstructure...

The concept of Digital Twin (DT) is widely explored in literature for different application fields because it promises to reduce design time, enable and operation optimization, improve after-sales services overall expenses. While the perceived benefits strongly encourage use DT, battery industry a consistent implementation approach quantitative assessment adapting DT missing. This paper part an ongoing study that investigates functionalities quantifies DT-attributes across life cycles phases...

Various studies show that electrification, integrated into a circular economy, is crucial to reach sustainable mobility solutions. In this context, the use of electric vehicle batteries (EVBs) particularly relevant because resource intensity during manufacturing. After reaching end-of-life phase, EVBs can be subjected various economy strategies, all which require previous disassembly. Today, disassembly carried out manually and represents bottleneck process. At same time, extremely high...

Till 2020 the predominant key success factors of battery development have been overwhelmingly energy density, power lifetime, safety, and costs per kWh. That is why there a high expectation on storage systems such as lithium-air (Li-O 2 ) lithium-sulfur (Li-S) systems, especially for mobile applications. These theoretical specific densities compared to conventional Li-ion systems. If challenges practical implementation, low efficiency, cycle life are handled, these could provide an...

Abstract The reaction mechanisms (RM) during cycling of aqueous rechargeable Zn//MnO 2 batteries (ARZIBs) are still controversially discussed. present study different acidic electrolyte compositions (0.9 mM H SO 4 , 0.5 M MnSO ZnSO +0.5 ) and their pH behaviour is therefore designed as an alternative approach to investigate the RM. In operando tracking shows periodic changes for each electrolyte, highlighting role pH‐relevant ions OH − + in chemical processes, major influence MnO...

Abstract Precise lifetime predictions for lithium‐ion cells are crucial efficient battery development and thus enable profitable electric vehicles a sustainable transformation towards zero‐emission mobility. However, limitations remain due to the complex degradation of cells, strongly influenced by cell design as well operating storage conditions. To overcome them, machine learning framework is developed based on symbolic regression via genetic programming. This evolutionary algorithm...

This study is the first to measure relationship between gas pressure, internal temperature and state of charge cylindrical Li-ion battery cells. For this purpose, a new, simple affordable setup for in-situ investigation pressure commercial cells designed tested. Setups investigate have so far only been performed on pouch prismatic or require complex expensive measurement equipment. In work, mechanical effects an increasing in are addressed time. It shown that over multiple charging...

The mechanical changes in active materials with large volume expansion such as silicon and nickel not only affect the electrochemical performance of modern batteries but also pose a great challenge to their design due pressure increase during operation. In this study, we show that consequently changing properties strongly performance. A multi-scale model is developed, parameterized, validated for pouch cell SiO x -graphite anode (22 wt% ) an NMC∣811 cathode. Mechanical parameters compressive...