The active impedance of each element in a phased array changes substantially with scan angle due to mutual coupling. Therefore, key challenge the design wide-angle scanning is achieve matching (WAIM). In this communication, an efficient decoupling network developed reduce coupling between adjacent elements for purpose. A complete scattering matrix analysis given and procedure summarized. <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"...

A low-profile broadband dual-circularly-polarized metasurface antenna is proposed. The consists of a modified cross-slot coupling with lattice 4 × square metallic patches. characteristic mode analysis used to investigate the operating mechanism antenna. Then, desired modes are chosen and excited by slots. slot introduces new resonance achieve characteristic. Two orthogonally placed microstrip lines both right-hand circular polarization left-hand in same frequency band. final prototype, an...

This letter proposes a low-profile circularly polarized metasurface antenna with wide axial-ratio beamwidth (ARBW). The proposed consists of an array square metallic cells that are excited by microstrip line through four cross slots. feeding structure can be seen as symmetrical multiplefeed structure. Thus, E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">φ</sub> and xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">θ</sub> nearly equal in amplitude...

A broadband metasurface antenna is proposed in this letter. The based on a nonperiodic metasurface. modal behavior of the and slot analyzed using characteristic modes analysis (CMA). Three desired are found. Furthermore, acts not only as feeding structure but also metasurface-loaded antenna. By combining three slot, wide bandwidth achieved under multimode resonance. To verify design, simulated, fabricated, tested. results show that achieves impedance above 79% 3 dB realized gain 77%.

In this paper, we propose a low-profile ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna for wireless body area networks. The proposed is low-weight and easy to produce by printed circuit board manufacturing. Optimized shape of the radiation patch shorted top-loading patches are introduced broaden bandwidth reduce profile antenna. height 0.05λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> , where λ free-space wavelength at lowest operating frequency....

A low-profile dual-polarized metasurface antenna with high isolation and low cross-polarization is proposed in this communication. The consists of an array 4×4 patches. Through characteristic mode analysis (CMA), a pair degenerate modes identified to achieve the desired radiation features. By modifying patches metasurface, strongest current distributions two are moved from center edge metasurface. One feed port can efficiently excite only one particular mode, other cannot be excited...

This paper includes a design of four-port stacked patch antenna with band enhancement for multi-in multi-out application. The proposed consists two collocated microstrip patches printed on the upper and lower substrates. Through analysis characteristic modes, we find that eight desired modes forced to resonant at operating band. By exciting patch, four different radiation patterns are achieved. For each pattern, there three resonance frequencies interested frequency band-two parallel...

In this study, a compact single-layer substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) monopulse slot antenna array is designed. The has very simple structure and uses SIW-based cavity resonators, instead of complex feeding network comparator, to excite the array. design decreases size comparator by applying resonator principles slotted array, resulting in an obvious improvement aperture efficiency complexity. This scheme, combined with planar transmission line, ideal for integration circuits. A...

For the application of ambient electromagnetic energy harvesting, it is important to collect as much possible in broadband and with arbitrary polarizations. Meanwhile, antenna should also have high receiving efficiency order effectively convert collected into radio frequency current. To meet this requirement, a novel dual circularly polarized (CP) dielectric resonator (DRA) proposed. The characteristic mode analysis (CMA) applied analyze proposed DRA reveal intrinsic behavior DR, so that...

A single-layer broadband vertically polarized (VP) omnidirectional metasurface antenna is proposed in this communication. To guide the optimization and design of antenna, characteristic mode (CM) analysis (CMA) performed to investigate intrinsic modal behaviors metasurface. with VP radiation first identified by analyzing an array <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4 \times 4$...

A miniaturized ultra-wideband Vivaldi antenna is proposed in this paper. Optimized slots are inserted the radiation patches to obtain a low frequency resonance. Two substrates with put back back, forming double-layered structure. Thus, transverse E-field of doublelayered structure significantly reduced due symmetric treatment, which gives rise very cross polarization. The measured results show that an enhanced impedance bandwidth approximately 126% range 2.5-11 GHz (S <sub...

This study provides a solution to achieve single-layer dual-frequency shared-aperture slot antenna array with small frequency ratio (FR) based on substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology. Cavity resonator principles are applied distinctive SIW cavity obtain dual operational frequencies two separate ports while sharing the same radiation aperture. A 24-element prototype is designed and fabricated validate solution. The has shared aperture FR of 1.03 maintaining planar configuration low...

A low-profile circularly polarized (CP) omnidirectional metasurface antenna is developed and integrated with solar cells. The proposed consists of an array 4 × square rings. Square cells are mounted inside each ring. Characteristic mode analysis (CMA) used to analyze the modal behavior metasurface. results demonstrate that rings have a slight influence on antenna. This arrangement not only enables total exposure sunlight but also exhibits no degradation performance Then, by using proper...

A low cross-polarization-slotted substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity planar array antenna, which consists of four symmetrically arranged linear arrays, is presented in this letter. The fed through a coaxial probe located at the center SIW cavity, ensures that two quasi-TE150 modes with approximate frequencies can be excited simultaneously. Therefore, impedance bandwidth significantly improved by merging resonant frequencies. When adjacent arrays are reversed phase signals uniform...

In this communication, we develop a surface integral equation-based sub-structure characteristic mode (CM) formulation to accurately analyze the resonant modes of dielectric resonator antennas (DRAs) with finite ground plane (GP). Two numerical examples practical DRAs GP are presented compare differences between modal results obtained from conventional full-structure and proposed CM formulations. It is found that leads some GP, which undesirable for DRA design. On contrary, can suppress...

The conventional monopulse comparator, which commonly consists of a power divider, standard 3dB-coupler and 90-degree phase shifter, occupies significantly large area the antenna aperture. This results in low efficiency. In order to improve antenna's aperture efficiency keep planar single-layer structure simultaneously, substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) slots array excited only by square dual-mode (TE120 TE210) SIW resonator is proposed, fabricated measured this communication. sum...

This communication presents a method of designing filtering metasurface (MTS) antennas, which is to excite the candidate in-band modes and suppress out-of-band interference ones. The are selected depending on expected radiation patterns operating band excited by choosing reasonable feeding structure. suppression achieved controlling modal currents with aid characteristic mode analysis (CMA). As result, MTS works as radiator filter simultaneously. A <inline-formula...

A series-fed microstrip patch antenna array with broad bandwidth and flat gain based on magnetic current feeding structure is presented in this letter. By appropriately blocking the line, a radiation mode of generated, which equivalent to array. Also, used excite sides-shorted antennas via coupling slots. The operation achieved by merging fundamental generated from element additional structure. Moreover, dual radiators are employed design ensure that remains flat. Based proposed idea,...

In this letter, a machine learning-based algorithm, K-nearest neighbor, is employed to predict the actual patterns of linear arrays with arbitrary positions and varied element numbers. Based on assumption that active pattern (AEP) only susceptible adjacent elements, AEP each predicted according its subarray geometry features, array calculated correspondingly. To verify validity method, proposed methodology was in several synthesis cases using dataset constructed from series full-wave...

In this letter, a simple method of generating tilted beam radiation through planar structure is presented based on mode synthesis. Under the guidance operating principle, low-profile metasurface-inspired antenna emitting designed with aid characteristic analysis. The printed nonuniform metasurface. A broadside supported by an etched slot while bidirectional excited metal via parasite microstrip line simultaneously. Consequently, can be obtained combining these two modes. To verify analysis...

Geometry-induced resonant modes with intrinsic broad beam coverage are synthesized within step-shaped dielectric resonator antennas (DRAs). Following the idea of mode fusion, a inherits and combines modal features from several conventional ones regular DRAs. Superior flexibility design freedom in shaping thus obtained, leading to 3 dB beamwidth exceeding 200° both main planes. To form such broad-beam mode, three higher-order rectangular DRAs chosen merged. Their radiation patterns have fine...

This communication addresses the cost challenges with implementing high-gain antennas in millimeter-wave band. The designed antenna exhibits a favorable broadband of 32.9% and achieves an aperture efficiency up to 79.5%. proposed array is constructed from five stacked layers printed circuit boards (PCBs), four composed FR-4 boards. idea air filling widely used this design mitigate high dielectric loss adopts sandwich construction approach realize air-filled high-efficiency radiation...