This review covers key technological developments and scientific challenges for a broad range of Li-ion battery electrodes. Periodic table potential/capacity plots are used to compare many families suitable materials. Performance characteristics, current limitations, recent breakthroughs in the development commercial intercalation materials such as lithium cobalt oxide (LCO), nickel manganese (NCM), aluminum (NCA), iron phosphate (LFP), titanium (LTO) others contrasted with that conversion...

Commercial lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries built with Ni- and Co-based intercalation-type cathodes suffer from low specific energy, high toxicity cost. Conversion-type offer an opportunity to overcome such limitations.

Abstract Rechargeable Na‐ion batteries (NIBs) are attractive large‐scale energy storage systems compared to Li‐ion due the substantial reserve and low cost of sodium resources. The recent rapid development NIBs will no doubt accelerate commercialization process. As one indispensable components in current battery systems, organic liquid electrolytes widely used for their high ionic conductivity good wettability, but thermal stability, especially easy flammability leakage make them at risk...

Lithium Iodide (LiI) is reported as a promising electrolyte additive for lithium-sulfur batteries. It induces formation of Li-ion-permeable protective coatings on both positive and negative electrodes, which prevent the dissolution polysulfides cathode reduction anode. In addition to enhancing cell cycle stability, LiI also decreases overpotential voltage hysteresis.

Owing to the energy crisis and environmental pollution, developing efficient robust electrochemical storage (or conversion) systems is urgently needed but still very challenging. Next-generation conversion devices, mainly including fuel cells, metal-air batteries, metal-sulfur metal-ion have been viewed as promising candidates for future large-scale applications. All these are operated through one type of chemical mechanism, which currently limited by poor reaction kinetics. Single atom...

Development of sulfur cathodes with 100% coulombic efficiency (CE) and good cycle stability remains challenging due to the polysulfide dissolution in electrolytes. Here, it is demonstrated that electrochemical reduction lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) based electrolytes at a potential close cathode operation forms situ protective coating on both anode surfaces. Quantum chemistry studies suggest formation initiated by FSI(‐F) anion radicals generated during electrolyte reduction....

Lithium–sulfur (Li‐S) batteries have been considered as promising candidates for large‐scale high energy density devices due to the potentially density, low cost, and more pronounced ecological compatibility. However, complex Li‐S conversion reactions, unsatisfactory battery performance, unsafe metallic Li anode restrict development of achieve commercialization. This review mainly focuses on three aspects which are remaining challenges, recent advances, applications in batteries. Firstly,...

Abstract Solid‐state batteries have been considered as promising next‐generation energy storage devices for potentially higher density and better safety compared with commercial lithium‐ion that are based on organic liquid electrolytes. However, in terms of indispensable solid‐state electrolytes, there remaining issues to be solved before entering the market. Most electrolytes air‐sensitive, which causes a complex expensive cell assembly impressible interface. Therefore, expected...

Abstract Lithium–sulfur chemistry suffers from poor conversion reaction kinetics, causing low‐capacity utilization of sulfur cathodes, particularly at cryogenic temperatures. Herein, based on low‐cost and abundant commercial particles directly, a low concentration electrolyte (LCE, 0.1 m ) is employed to accelerate lithium–sulfur temperatures, demonstrating broad applicability this approach. Compared conventional (1.0 electrolytes, the proposed LCE successfully enhances kinetics Li 2 S 4...

The conventional weak acidic electrolyte for aqueous zinc-ion batteries breeds many challenges, such as undesirable side reactions, and inhomogeneous zinc dendrite growth, leading to low Coulombic efficiency, specific capacity, poor cycle stability. Here, an densified electrolyte, namely, a with addition of perovskite SrTiO3 powder, is developed achieve high-performance batteries. demonstrates unique properties reducing water molecule activity, improving Zn2+ transference number, inducing...

Nanocomposites of selenium (Se) and ordered mesoporous silicon carbide‐derived carbon (OM‐SiC‐CDC) are prepared for the first time studied as cathodes lithium‐selenium (Li‐Se) batteries. The higher concentration Li salt in electrolytes greatly improves Se utilization cell cycle stability. Se‐CDC shows significantly better performance characteristics than Se‐activated nanocomposites with similar physical properties. also exhibits rate stability compared to similarly produced sulfur (S)–CDC Li/S

Lithium sulfide (Li2S) with a high theoretical specific capacity of 1166mAh g–1 is promising cathode material for next-generation Li–S batteries energy. However, low conductivity Li2S and polysulfide dissolution during cycling are known to limit the rate performance cycle life these batteries. Here, we report on successful development application nanocomposite comprising graphene covered by nanoparticles protected from undesirable interactions electrolytes. We used modification our...

A nanostructured C-Li2S composite nanopowder is prepared via a scalable, high-throughput solution-processing method based on the steric separation of freshly nucleated Li2S nanoparticles and their self-assembling. Each 100–200 nm particle composed smaller 5–20 uniformly distributed within rigid carbon matrix. When used as cathode material for Li cells, this demonstrates high rate performance, near-theoretical capacity utilization, excellent cycle stability.

Metal fluoride-lithium batteries with potentially high energy densities, even higher than lithium-sulfur batteries, are viewed as very promising candidates for next-generation lightweight and low-cost rechargeable batteries. However, so far, metal fluoride cathodes have suffered from poor electronic conductivity, sluggish reaction kinetics side reactions causing voltage hysteresis, rate capability, rapid capacity degradation upon cycling. Herein, it is reported that an FeF3 @C composite...

The lithium-sulfur battery is considered as one of the most promising energy storage systems and has received enormous attentions due to its high density low cost. However, polysulfide dissolution resulting shuttle effects hinder practical application unless very costly solutions are considered. Herein, a sulfur-rich polymer termed sulfur-limonene proposed powerful electroactive material that uniquely combines decisive advantages leads out this dilemma. It amenable large-scale synthesis by...

In order to achieve high capacity utilization and rate performance of lithium sulfide (Li2S) cathode materials, it is critical identify scalable methods for low-cost preparation nanostructured Li2S or Li2S-carbon composites. Here, we report on the characterization nanoporous multiwalled (MW) carbon nanotube (CNT) – linked powders, prepared first time via a versatile solution-based method. The addition MWCNTs enhances electrical conductivity structural stability Li2S-based cathodes reduces...

Polysulfide shuttle effects, active material losses, formation of resistive surface layers, and continuous electrolyte consumption create a major barrier for the lightweight low-cost lithium–sulfur (Li–S) battery adoption. Tuning composition by using additives most importantly substantially increasing molarity was previously shown to be one effective strategies. Contrarily, little attention has been paid dilute super-diluted LiTFSI/DME/DOL/LiNO3 based-electrolytes, which have thought...

A hierarchical particle-shell architecture for long-term cycle stability of Li2S cathodes is described. Multiscale and multilevel protection prevents mechanical degradation polysulfide dissolution in lithium-sulfur battery chemistries.